High Throughput Screening for Food Safety Assessment

<ul> <li>List of contributors</li> <li>Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition</li> <li>1. High throughput screening strategies and technology platforms for detection of pathogens: an introduction<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>1.1 Introduction</li> <li>1.2 Current detection strategies</li> <li>1.3 Why high throughput screening (HTS) is needed</li> <li>1.4 HTS technologies for foodborne pathogens – present and future trends</li></ul></li> <li>2. Sampling and sample preparation for sensor-based detection of pathogens in foods<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>2.1 Introduction</li> <li>2.2 Key issues in sample preparation: from “Farm to Fork to Physician”</li> <li>2.3 Challenges in sampling from food matrices and on “bulk” surfaces</li> <li>2.4 Nonspecific vs. specific methods</li> <li>2.5 Physical methods</li> <li>2.6 Chemical and combined methods</li> <li>2.7 Capture and concentration of whole microbial cells</li> <li>2.8 The use of cleaning materials in sampling</li> <li>2.9 Capture and concentration of pathogen DNA from complex food matrices</li> <li>2.10 Innovations in selective enrichment strategies</li> <li>2.11 Conclusions</li></ul></li> <li>Part One: Biorecognition techniques<ul> <li>3. Antibodies, enzymes, and nucleic acid sensors for high throughput screening of microbes and toxins in food<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>3.1 Introduction</li> <li>3.2 Conventional methods for bacterial pathogen detection</li> <li>3.3 Rapid and advanced technologies</li> <li>3.4 Antibody structure and production</li> <li>3.5 Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for biorecognition</li> <li>3.6 The identification of recombinant antibodies by phage display technology</li> <li>3.7 Biopanning of phage display libraries</li> <li>3.8 Biosensors and antibody immobilization strategies</li> <li>3.9 Immunosensor-based applications for high throughput pathogen screening</li> <li>3.10 Multiplexed pathogen detection using antibodies for biorecognition</li> <li>3.11 Nucleic acid assays</li> <li>3.12 Microarray-based technologies</li> <li>3.13 Enzyme-based sensors</li> <li>3.14 High throughput bacterial toxin detection</li> <li>3.15 High throughput fungal pathogen and mycotoxin detection</li> <li>3.16 Marine toxins</li> <li>3.17 Selected commercial platforms for high throughput detection</li> <li>3.18 Conclusion</li></ul></li> <li>4. Phage technology in high throughput screening for pathogen detection in food<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>Acknowledgments</li> <li>4.1 Introduction</li> <li>4.2 Pathogen detection using phage: culture-based methods and phage typing</li> <li>4.3 Pathogen detection using phage: phage-host adhesion-based methods</li> <li>4.4 Pathogen detection using phage: biosensors</li> <li>4.5 Pathogen detection using phage: phage-triggered ion cascade</li> <li>4.6 Pathogen detection using phage: phage replication and metabolism-based methods</li> <li>4.7 Pathogen detection using phage: phage lysis-based methods</li> <li>4.8 Conclusion</li></ul></li> <li>5. Mammalian cell-based sensors for high throughput screening for detecting chemical residues, pathogens, and toxins in food<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>Acknowledgments</li> <li>5.1 Introduction</li> <li>5.2 The need for novel methods in food control</li> <li>5.3 Cell-based biosensors for food safety</li> <li>5.4 Mammalian cell-based biosensors</li> <li>5.5 Robustness and shelf life of mammalian cell-based biosensors</li> <li>5.6 Conclusions and future trends</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Part Two: Optical transducers and hyperspectral imaging<ul> <li>6. Label-free light-scattering sensors for high throughput screening of microbes in food<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>Acknowledgments</li> <li>6.1 Introduction</li> <li>6.2 Elastic light-scattering-based high throughput screening of microorganisms</li> <li>6.3 Application of BARDOT-based high throughput screening in food safety</li> <li>6.4 Future trends</li></ul></li> <li>7. Vibrational spectroscopy for food quality and safety screening<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>Acknowledgments</li> <li>7.1 Introduction</li> <li>7.2 Basic concepts of vibrational spectroscopy</li> <li>7.3 Applications in food quality</li> <li>7.4 Applications in food safety</li> <li>7.5 Hyperspectral imaging for food quality and safety</li> <li>7.6 Summary and future trends</li></ul></li> <li>8. Flow cytometry and pathogen screening in foods<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>Acknowledgments</li> <li>8.1 Introduction</li> <li>8.2 Analysis of foods using classical flow cytometry</li> <li>8.3 Analysis of foods using bead-based detection</li> <li>8.4 Future trends</li> <li>8.5 Conclusions</li></ul></li> <li>9. Fluorescence-based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technologies for high throughput screening of pathogens<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>Acknowledgments</li> <li>9.1 Introduction</li> <li>9.2 Basics of real-time qPCR</li> <li>9.3 Pre-PCR processing</li> <li>9.4 Instrumentation for qPCR</li> <li>9.5 Examples of qPCR for high throughput screening of foodborne pathogens</li> <li>9.6 Future trends</li> <li>9.7 Sources of further information and advice</li></ul></li> <li>10. Fiber-optic sensors for high throughput screening of pathogens<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>Acknowledgments</li> <li>10.1 Introduction</li> <li>10.2 General view of immunosensors</li> <li>10.3 Evanescent field optical biosensors</li> <li>10.4 Fiber-optic probes and immobilization of ligands</li> <li>10.5 Application of evanescent wave biosensors for detection of foodborne pathogens</li> <li>10.6 Conclusions and future trends</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Part Three: Electrochemical and mass-based transducers<ul> <li>11. Electronic noses and tongues in food safety assurance<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>11.1 Introduction</li> <li>11.2 Functioning of electronic noses and tongues</li> <li>11.3 Food safety applications of electronic noses</li> <li>11.4 Food safety applications of electronic tongues</li> <li>11.5 Conclusions and future trends</li></ul></li> <li>12. Impedance microbiology and microbial screening strategy for detecting pathogens in food<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>12.1 Introduction</li> <li>12.2 Impedance for microbiological testing</li> <li>12.3 Standard impedance</li> <li>12.4 Specific applications for testing food</li> <li>12.5 Advantages and disadvantages of impedance testing</li> <li>12.6 Summary and future trends</li></ul></li> <li>13. Immunologic biosensing of foodborne pathogenic bacteria using electrochemical or light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) detection platforms<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>13.1 Introduction</li> <li>13.2 Immunoelectrochemistry (IEC)</li> <li>13.3 Using IEC to detect pathogenic bacteria</li> <li>13.4 Improving cell capture in IEC and applications in food screening</li> <li>13.5 Light-addressable potentiometric sensing</li> <li>13.6 Future trends</li> <li>13.7 Sources of further information and advice</li></ul></li> <li>14. Conductometric biosensors for high throughput screening of pathogens in food<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>14.1 Introduction</li> <li>14.2 Biosensors</li> <li>14.3 Conductometric biosensors and gas sensors</li> <li>14.4 Conductometric biosensors: general and food safety applications</li> <li>14.5 Future trends and conclusions</li></ul></li> <li>15. Microfluidic biosensors for high throughput screening of pathogens in food<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>15.1 Introduction</li> <li>15.2 Microfluidics</li> <li>15.3 Immunoassays for pathogen sensing using monoclonal, polyclonal, and recombinant antibodies</li> <li>15.4 Alternatives to antibodies: immunoassays using molecular imprinted polymers, molecular probes, and aptamers</li> <li>15.5 Microfluidic immunoassays for detecting foodborne pathogens</li> <li>15.6 Microfluidic techniques using nucleic acid (NA) analysis</li> <li>15.7 Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) platforms for NA foodborne pathogen detection</li> <li>15.8 Microfluidic food processing: sample preparation, isolation, and amplification</li> <li>15.9 Integrated LOC devices for high throughput screening</li> <li>15.10 Conclusion</li></ul></li> <li>16. Magnetoelastic sensors for high throughput screening of pathogens in food<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>16.1 Introduction</li> <li>16.2 Freestanding magnetoelastic (ME) biosensors</li> <li>16.3 Fabrication of ME biosensors</li> <li>16.4 Biomolecular recognition elements used on ME biosensors</li> <li>16.5 Interrogation system for ME biosensors</li> <li>16.6 Applications of ME biosensors as a foodborne screening technique</li> <li>16.7 Potential applications of the ME biosensor technique along the food chain</li> <li>16.8 Conclusions</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Part Four: Specific applications<ul> <li>17. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) array biosensors for biothreat agents for food safety and food defense<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>Acknowledgments</li> <li>17.1 Introduction: waveguides, total internal reflection, and the evanescent wave</li> <li>17.2 Planar waveguide TIRF array biosensors</li> <li>17.3 Planar waveguide TIRF arrays in food analysis</li> <li>17.4 Commercial TIRF array technologies</li> <li>17.5 Array biosensors for food defense</li> <li>17.6 Future directions</li> <li>17.7 Conclusions</li></ul></li> <li>18. Online screening of meat and poultry product quality and safety using hyperspectral imaging<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>Acknowledgments</li> <li>18.1 Introduction</li> <li>18.2 Fundamentals of hyperpsectral imaging</li> <li>18.3 The role of spectral techniques in online screening of food</li> <li>18.4 Implementation of online spectral screening systems for evaluating meat quality</li> <li>18.5 Key stages in online spectral screening systems</li> <li>18.6 Using hyperspectral imaging to measure individual meat quality attributes</li> <li>18.7 Measuring quality in beef and pork</li> <li>18.8 Measuring quality in lamb, chicken, and turkey</li> <li>18.9 Measuring quality in fish</li> <li>18.10 Using hyperspectral imaging to identify bacteria and other types of contaminants</li> <li>18.11 Using hyperspectral imaging to authenticate meat and meat products</li> <li>18.12 Conclusions and future trends</li></ul></li> <li>19. Online screening of fruits and vegetables using hyperspectral line-scan imaging techniques<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>Acknowledgments</li> <li>19.1 Introduction</li> <li>19.2 Line-scan hyperspectral imaging techniques</li> <li>19.3 Quality and safety evaluation of fruits and vegetables</li> <li>19.4 Animal fecal contamination on produce</li> <li>19.5 Hyperspectral/multispectral imaging for online applications</li> <li>19.6 Whole-surface online inspection of fruits and leafy greens</li> <li>19.7 Conclusions</li></ul></li> <li>20. High throughput screening of seafood for foodborne pathogens<ul> <li>Abstract</li> <li>20.1 Introduction</li> <li>20.2 Seafood pathogens and products</li> <li>20.3 Standard methods</li> <li>20.4 Nucleic acid-based methods</li> <li>20.5 Nucleic acid hybridization</li> <li>20.6 Antibody-based methods</li> <li>20.7 Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry</li> <li>20.8 Infrared (IR) spectroscopy</li> <li>20.9 High throughput screening systems for seafood pathogens</li> <li>20.10 Future trends</li> <li>20.11 Additional information</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Index</li></ul>