<p>1. Introduction<br>by Virginia Miller </p> <p>2. Endocrinological origins of sex, sexual differentiation, and sexual dimorphisms <br>by Craig Kinsley, Kelly Lambert, and Massi Bardi</p> <p>3. Sex differences in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology: implications for brain function, behavior, and neuropsychiatric disease<br>by Gretchen Neigh and Liana Merrill</p> <p>4. Sex differences in the immune system and immune function<br>by Sally Huber and Delisa Fairweather </p> <p>5. Sex and gender differences in cardiovascular disease<br>by Leanne Groban, Hao Wang, Allan Alencar and Sarah Lindsey</p> <p>6. Sex differences in pulmonary anatomy and physiology: implications for health and disease<br>by Y.S. Prakash and Venkatachalem Sathish</p> <p>7. Sex differences in renal physiology and pathophysiology<br>by Carolyn Ecelbarger</p> <p>8. Sex differences in gastrointestinal physiology and disease: from endogenous sex hormones to environmental endocrine disruptor agents<br>by Eric Houdeau</p> <p>9. Sex and gender differences in body composition, lipid metabolism and glucose regulation<br>by Kelly Ethun </p> <p>10. Sex hormone influenced differences in skeletal muscle responses to aging and exercise <br>by Peter Tiidus </p> <p>11. Strategies and approaches for studying sex differences in physiology <br>11.1. Introduction<br>by Margaret McCarthy<br>11.2. Studying Sex Chromosome Effects that Cause Sex Differences in Non-Gonadal <br>Phenotypes<br>by Arthur Arnold<br>11.3. Organizational influences of the sex steroid hormones on the hypothalamic-pituitary-<br>adrenal (HPA) axis<br>by Victor Viau<br>11.4. Activation Methodologies<br>by Jill Becker<br>11.5. Human Methodologies in the Study of Sex Differences <br>by Emily Bartley and Margarete Ribeiro-Dasilva <br></p>