Part I: Polycystic ovary syndrome: Challenges and controversies<br>1. Defining PCOS: A syndrome with an intrinsic heterogeneous nature<br>HECTOR F. ESCOBAR-MORREALE<br>2. Secondary PCOS: Well-defined causes, leading to the PCOS phenotype<br>ALESSANDRA GAMBINERI, CAROLINA CECCHETTI, PAOLA ALTIERI, DANILO RIBICHINI, VALENTINA LO PREIATO, FLAMINIA FANELLI, AND UBERTO PAGOTTO<br>3. Developmental origins of polycystic ovary syndrome: Everything starts in utero<br>DAVID H. ABBOTT, EMILY P. GREINWALD, AND JON E. LEVINE<br>4. The multifarious role of insulin in PCOS: From pathophysiology to therapeutic management<br>PAOLO MOGHETTI<br>5. The pathogenic role of androgen excess in PCOS<br>DUARTE PIGNATELLI, SOFIA S. PEREIRA, AND ELENI KANDARAKI<br>6. Intrinsic abnormalities of adipose tissue and adipose tissue dysfunction in PCOS<br>P.M. SPRITZER, B.R. SANTOS, T.M. FIGHERA, L.B. MARCHESAN, AND S.B. LECKE<br>7. Diet and exercise in the management of PCOS: Starting from the basics<br>GEORGIOS K. MARKANTES, GINA TSICHLIA, AND NEOKLIS A. GEORGOPOULOS<br>8. Targeting metabolism in the management of PCOS: Metformin and beyond<br>SEDA HANIFE OGUZ, SULEYMAN NAHIT SENDUR, UGUR UNLUTURK, AND BULENT OKAN YILDIZ<br>9. Combined oral contraceptives: Why, when, where?<br>ATHANASIOS ANTONIOU-TSIGKOS, KONSTANTINA PASTROMA, ELENI MEMI, NIKOLAOS VRACHNIS, AND GEORGE MASTORAKOS<br>10. Targeting infertility in PCOS: Unfolding “Ariadne’s thread<br>MARIANO MASCARENHAS AND ADAM H. BALEN<br>11. Inositols and other supplements in the management of PCOS<br>VITTORIO UNFER, GIOVANNI MONASTRA, MARCO TILOTTA, GIANPIERO FORTE, AND SIMONA DINICOLA<br>12. Polycystic ovary syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease<br>CARMEN EMANUELA GEORGESCU<br>13. Cardiometabolic risk in women with PCOS<br>ENRICO CARMINA<br>Part II: PCOS and pregnancy: Current concepts?<br>14. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and PCOS: A novel contributor in the etiology of the syndrome<br>EVANTHIA DIAMANTI-KANDARAKIS, OLGA PAPALOU, AND ELENI KANDARAKI<br>15. Long-term health in women of age more than 40years with polycystic ovary syndrome<br>ELENI ARMENI AND IRENE LAMBRINOUDAKI<br>16. Vitamin D metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)<br>FLAVIA DI BARI AND SALVATORE BENVENGA<br>17. The challenging role of antiandrogens in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome<br>KASIANI PAPADIMITRIOU, PANAGIOTIS ANAGNOSTIS, AND DIMITRIOS G. GOULIS<br>18. PCOS in adolescence: Pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic controversies<br>NICOLAS CRISOSTO<br>
