<div> Foreword xxi </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Introduction xxiii </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Part I Fundamentals of Synchronization and Timing </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 1 Introduction to Synchronization and Timing 1 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Overview of Time Synchronization 1 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> What Is Synchronization and Why Is It Needed? 3 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> What Is Time? 10 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> How Can GPS Provide Timing and Synchronization? 13 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Accuracy Versus Precision Versus Stability 15 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Summary 16 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References in This Chapter 16 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 1 Acronyms Key 16 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Further Reading 17 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 2 Usage of Synchronization and Timing 19 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Use of Synchronization in Telecommunications 20 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Use of Time Synchronization in Finance, Business, and Enterprise 28 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Industrial Uses of Time—Power Industry 33 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Summary 34 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References in This Chapter 34 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 2 Acronyms Key 35 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 3 Synchronization and Timing Concepts 39 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Synchronous Networks Overview 40 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Clocks 54 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Sources of Frequency, Phase, and Time 66 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Timing Distribution Network 82 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Consumer of Time and Sync (the End Application) 88 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Summary 89 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References in This Chapter 89 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 3 Acronyms Key 92 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Further Reading 95 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Part II SDOs, Clocks, and Timing Protocols </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 4 Standards Development Organizations 97 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> International Telecommunication Union 98 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> International Mobile Telecommunications 104 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 3rd Generation Partnership Project 106 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 109 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> European Telecommunications Standards Institute 116 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Internet Engineering Task Force 118 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Radio Access Network 120 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> MEF Forum 126 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers and Audio Engineering Society 127 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Summary 128 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References in This Chapter 129 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 4 Acronyms Key 132 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Further Reading 137 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 5 Clocks, Time Error, and Noise 139 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Clocks 139 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Time Error 154 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Holdover Performance 169 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Transient Response 172 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Measuring Time Error 173 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References in This Chapter 175 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 5 Acronyms Key 175 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Further Reading 177 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 6 Physical Frequency Synchronization 179 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Evolution of Frequency Synchronization 180 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> BITS and SSU 181 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Clocking Hierarchy 185 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Synchronous Ethernet 187 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Enhanced Synchronous Ethernet 189 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Clock Traceability 189 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Synchronization Network Chain 197 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Clock Selection Process 199 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Timing Loops 201 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Standardization 207 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Summary 207 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References in This Chapter 208 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 6 Acronyms Key 209 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Further Reading 211 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 7 Precision Time Protocol 213 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> History and Overview of PTP 214 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> PTP Versus NTP 215 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> IEEE 1588-2008 (PTPv2) 216 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> PTP Clocks 242 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Profiles 250 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> PTP Security 273 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> IEEE 1588-2019 (PTPv2.1) 275 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Summary 280 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References in This Chapter 280 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 7 Acronyms Key 283 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Part III Standards, Recommendations, and Deployment Considerations </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 8 ITU-T Timing Recommendations 289 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Overview of the ITU 290 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> ITU-T Study Group 15 and Question 13 291 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Reading the Recommendations 299 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> ITU-T Physical and TDM Timing Recommendations 299 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> ITU-T Recommendations for Frequency in Packet Networks 310 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> ITU-T Packet-Based Timing Recommendations 316 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Possible Future Changes in Recommendations 340 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Summary 341 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References in This Chapter 341 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 8 Acronyms Key 342 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Further Reading 346 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 9 PTP Deployment Considerations 347 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Deployment and Usage 348 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Factors Impacting Timing Performance 380 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Parameters for Timing Performance 383 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Clock Performance 401 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Budgeting End-to-End Time Error 419 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Network Holdover 422 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Packet Network Topologies 424 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Packet Transport 426 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Non-Mobile Deployments 430 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Summary 434 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References in This Chapter 435 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 9 Acronyms Key 437 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Further Reading 442 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Part IV Timing Requirements, Solutions, and Testing </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 10 Mobile Timing Requirements 443 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Evolution of Cellular Networks 444 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Timing Requirements for Mobility Networks 448 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Timing Requirements for LTE and LTE-A 455 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Evolution of the 5G Architecture 478 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 5G New Radio Synchronization Requirements 496 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Summary 509 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References in This Chapter 510 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 10 Acronyms Key 512 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Further Reading 517 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 11 5G Timing Solutions 519 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Deployment Considerations for Mobile Timing 520 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Frequency-Only Deployments 535 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Frequency, Phase, and Time Deployment Options 538 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Midhaul and Fronthaul Timing 550 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Timing Security and MACsec 556 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Summary 564 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References in This Chapter 565 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 11 Acronyms Key 567 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Further Reading 571 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 12 Operating and Verifying Timing Solutions 573 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Hardware and Software Solution Requirements 574 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Writing a Request for Proposal 587 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Testing Timing 590 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Automation and Assurance 629 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Troubleshooting and Field Testing 635 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Summary 648 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Conclusion 649 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> References in This Chapter 649 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Chapter 12 Acronyms Key 653 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> Further Reading 658 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> 9780136836254, TOC, 5/3/2021 </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> <br> </div>