Handbook of Milk Production, Quality and Nutrition

Name: Handbook of Milk Production, Quality and Nutrition
Author: Tanmoy Rana

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Paperback, blz. | Engels

Elsevier Science | 2025

ISBN13: 9780443248207

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Elsevier Science e druk, 2025 9780443248207

280,59

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Handbook of Milk Production, Quality and Nutrition emphasizes new applications to promote healthy milk production, processing, and product development in the milk industry, highlighting the role clean milk has in the prevention of health and disease. Sections cover the general aspects of milk production and its environmental impact on animal health, explain milk’s global nutritional appeal and its role as a source of both macro and micronutrients for human health, address issues of lactose intolerance and how this ailment is perceived globally, and discuss milk’s relevance on bone, ocular, and gut health.

Finally, the book brings awareness to milk’s microbial pathogens, toxins, and heavy metals, and health concerns, while also updating on regulatory health and nutrition claims and recent legislative developments.

Specificaties

ISBN13:9780443248207

Taal:Engels

Bindwijze:Paperback

Uitgever:Elsevier Science

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Contributors About the editor Part I General aspect of milk production 1. General introduction of milking DIPANWITA BHATTACHARYA, UTKARSH TRIPATHI, ANURADHA KUMARI, AND TANMAY RANA Introduction Milking methods Milking practices Milk quality and safety Conclusion References 2. Impact of nutritional management and environmental indices on animal health S. YOGESHPRIYA AND L. SOWMIYA Introduction Nutritional factors Carbohydrate Protein Vitamins Fat-soluble vitamins Water-soluble vitamins Minerals Macrominerals Microminerals Water Environmental factors Photoperiod Humidity Housing system Air movement Contact surfaces Conclusion References Further reading 3. Various procedures of machine milking JAYSUKH B. KATHIRIYA Introduction The machine milked animals throughout the world Milking principles Milking machine components and effects on milk harvesting and quality Milking practices Milking management of animals Conclusions References 4. Physiochemical properties of milk M.M. PATHAN Introduction Macronutrients Micronutrients Physiological properties of milk Factors affecting physiochemical properties of milk Conclusion Further reading 5. Composition and nutritive value of milk and factors affecting composition of milk ANIL KUMAR, B.K. BHARTI, SONAM BHATT, RAVI SHANKAR KUMAR MANDAL, AND TANMOY RANA Introduction Milk composition and its nutritional significance Factors affecting the composition of milk References Further reading 6. Impact of cow nutrition on sustainable milk production AMITAVA ROY, PROBHAKAR BISWAS, AND TANMOY RANA Introduction Productivity and nutrition Efficiency and production Partitioning of nutrients and feed intake The environmental effects of milk production and nutrient cycling Availability of water and climate change will hardline feed production Crop rotation and diversification on dairy farms Future grains and forages Profitability and nutrition Conclusion References Further reading 7. Impact of heat stress on milk production VIPIN MAURYA AND DEEPJYOTI ROY Major causes of heat stress References 8. Environmental indices on lactation AMITAVA ROY, TANMOY RANA, AND PROBHAKAR BISWAS Introduction Environmental factors as a potential source of risk Stress reaction Energy suitability Signs of environmental risk Strictly linked to reproduction in dairy cattle Conclusion References 9. Major milking efficiency and frequent milk removal in relation to lactation JAYSUKH B. KATHIRIYA Mammary anatomy Initiation of lactation (lactogenesis) Control of prolactin production Maintenance of lactation (galactopoiesis) Milk ejection Mammary involution Milk secretion rate Factors affecting the yield and composition of milk Biochemistry of milk secretion Effects of hormones on milk secretion and mammary development Genetically superior cows and bSTH-treated cows Alternate methods for increasing the efficiency of lactation Summary References 10. Rumen microbiota in sustainable milk production SONAM BHATT, ANIL KUMAR, RAVI SHANKAR KUMAR MANDAL, JYOTI KUMARI, MANISH SINGH, AND BHAVNA Introduction Rumen fermentation Ruminal microbiota Rumen bacteria Rumen protozoa Rumen fungi Rumen virus Role of the rumen microbiota in bovine health Subacute ruminal acidosis Role of rumen microbiota in sustainable milk production Factors affecting rumen microbiota Host factor Diet Stress References 11. Role of fatty acids in milk production AMARJEET, DAPINDER SINGH, BHAVNA JHA, AND ABHISHEK PATHAK Introduction Role of fatty acids in milk fat synthesis Fatty acid metabolism in dairy cows Dietary sources of fatty acids for dairy cows Health implications of fatty acids in milk Conclusion References 12. Impact of reproductive management and fertility on milk production SAMUEL UCHENNA FELIX Introduction Fertility and milk production association: A physiological justification The association between fertility and milk production: A genetic analysis Impact of nutrition on reproductive ability Conclusion References 13. Udder health, infection, and its management MOHAMED S. KAMEL AND NOHA M. BAKRY Introduction Importance of udder health in dairy farming Udder anatomy and physiology Risk factors influencing udder health Common udder infections in dairy cows Diagnosis and treatment of udder infections Therapeutic approaches for udder infection Prevention and control strategies for udder health Future trends in udder health management Conclusion References 14. Impact of nutritional profiles in animal health and milk production efficiency S.K.I. VASANTHA, NAVEEN SWAROOP MURIKIPUDI, AND K. VARIJ NAYAN Understanding the role of food nutrient profiles in animal diets Importance of a balanced diet for livestock Conclusion References 15. Microbiological hazards in milk production, processing and products development G. SHALINI AND N. GURUNATHAN Introduction Microbiological risks in the supply chain of dairy products Microbiological risks in the cow’s milk processing supply chain Hygienic dairy processing practices Microbiological risks in the main milk pathways for sheep and goats Possible steps to reduce the risk of microbes in the dairy supply chain Food safety systems based on critical control points and hazard analysis Conclusions References 16. Additive and nonadditive genetic effects on milk production JAY PRAKASH GUPTA, MAYANK V. DARJI, JAGDISH D. CHAUDHARI, AND PRAVIN B. PUROHIT Introduction Types of gene actions governing traits Additive gene actions Nonadditive gene actions Heterosis Methodology to estimate the nonadditive gene effect and heterosis Breeding strategies for utilization of nonadditive gene actions Various studies conducted for estimation of nonadditive genetic components Conclusion AI disclosure References Further reading 17. Clinical mastitis and its management GAURAV CHARAYA, JASLEEN KAUR, AVNI CHAUHAN, AND DIVYA AGNIHOTRI Introduction Etiology Risk factors associated with clinical mastitis Clinical signs Management of clinical mastitis References 18. Subclinical mastitis and its management GAURAV CHARAYA, JASLEEN KAUR, DIVYA AGNIHOTRI, AND PRIYANKA GAHLOT Introduction Etiology Risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis in cattle Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis Molecular tools for diagnosis Acute phase protein (APPs) Serum proteome analysis Milk enzymatic activity tests Management of subclinical mastitis Conclusion References 19. Management and technologies to alleviate stress in cows VASANTHA S.K.I., NAVEEN SWAROOP MURIKIPUDI, K. VARIJ NAYAN, RAJESH KUMAR, ANURADHA BHARADWAJ, ASWANI KUMAR K., AND ASHOK KUMAR MOHANTY Introduction Thermal stress Temperature humidity index (THI) and its role in assessing heat stress Effect of thermal stress on milk productivity Effect of environmental stress on stage of lactation Stress biomarkers Management and technologies to alleviate stress in cows Genetic improvement through heat-tolerant breeds Heat shock proteins (HSPs) Cytokines Dietary strategies—Ameliorated nutritional management Inclusion of anti-oxidants (vitamins) Physical modification of the environment Conclusion References Part II Impact of milk on human health 20. Milk: A global nutrition appeal ASMAA ELREFAEY AND NOURHAN EISSA Introduction Milk production process Recent advances in milk processing or dairy industry Milk collection Pasteurized milk Section 2: Milk quality assurance Factors affecting milk composition of lactating cows Normal sources of variation in composition Maximizing rumen function can increase milk components Grain feeding Grain processing Ration fiber levels Protein feeding guidelines Analysis of milk adulteration Microbiological analysis Total bacterial count Enumeration of total and fecal coliforms Staphylococcus aureus count Enumeration of Salmonella Enumeration of Escherichia coli Yeast and mold count (YMC) Section 3: Milk nutrition and health benefits References 21. Milk: Nutrition, health benefits, and its consequences ANKITA PATEL, VAIBHAV PATEL, ABHISHEK PATHAK, AND KRITIKA DHIAL Introduction Milk composition Milk constituents Milk consumption: Nutrition and health benefits Conclusion References Further reading 22. Impact of the environment on milk production and aspects of its constituents for human consumption VIKAS DIWAKAR, RANGASAI CHANDRA GOLI, PRAMOD KUMAR, AND RAJESH KUMAR Introduction Milk production statistics Genetics influencing milk production Genetics to genomics in milk production Genomic breeding model for dairy cattle selection Genomic factors for productions Genome editing in dairy cattle Crossbreeding strategy for establishing environment-resilient cattle Newly proposed breeding approach for the dairy industry Environment impact on diets of humans Conclusion References 23. Role of milk as a source of macronutrients for human health DEEPAK CHOPRA, PRATIKSHA, AMARJEET AND ABHISHEK PATHAK Introduction Definition of milk Composition of milk Factors affecting milk composition Macronutrients present in milk Other bioactive components Milk: Health benefits Conclusion and future prospects References 24. Role of milk as a source of micronutrients for human health SANJEEV KUMAR, SONAM KUMARI, SURYAMNI KUMAR, JUI LODH, AND V.P. APARNA Introduction Vitamins in milk Minerals in milk Beneficial effects of milk micronutrients on human health Bioactive peptides in milk Health benefits of milk-derived bioactive peptides Impact of heat treatment on milk micronutrients Effect on minerals Effect on vitamins Micronutrient fortification and enrichment in milk Conclusion References 25. Milk and disease prevention: Help or harm AMARJEET, AMANDEEP, PRIYA KALYAN, AND ABHISHEK PATHAK Introduction References 26. Milk on bone, oral, and gut health M. BINDU PUSHPA, CRIS JOHN SANJEEV, AND SALUR SRIHITHA Contents of milk Role of milk constituents in gut health Effect of TGF-b on the intestinal barrier Impact of processing methods on active ingredient content and gut barrier health Influence of milk constituents on oral health Definitions and misconceptions Milk constituents and dental pellicle Animal studies on milk and caries Milk as a vehicle for antibodies Effect of dairy products on mineral retention and prevention of alveolar bone loss Effect of dairy products on dental plaque and periodontal disease Cariostatic effects of cheese Studies on dairy intake and oral health Milk and early childhood caries Role of cheese in caries prevention Mechanisms of action Dairy products and oral health in adults Caries prevention Periodontal health Milk on bone health The role of milk in bone health The importance of calcium in bone health Milk proteins and their role in bone health Fermented milk products and bone health Fermented milk and osteoporotic bone loss Milk-derived peptides and bone metabolism Calcium intake and bone health Casein phosphopeptides and bone health Mechanisms of action of milk-derived bioactive peptides The role of diet and lifestyle in bone health Future research and perspectives Conclusion References 27. Lactose intolerance: A global problem? PARAG ACHARYA, ABHIJEET FERNANDES, MANISH K. CHATLI, AND TANMOY RANA Introduction Attributes of lactose: Understanding the characteristics of milk sugar Development and dynamics of lactase activity in infants Evolutionary dynamics of lactase persistence Genetic basis of lactase persistence and polymorphism Lactose: influence on gut health, microbiota, and immune development Epidemiology Etiology Differential diagnosis Medical tests Management of lactose intolerance Dietary modification Enhancing healthcare team outcomes Adult dietary management Advancements in lactose research: Insights from a comprehensive consensus meeting Conclusions References 28. Regulatory health and nutrition claim framework and recent legislative developments PRANAV CHAUHAN, N.K. NAYAK, P.K. SINGH, AND R.P. SINGH Introduction Nutrition claims Regulation on authorization of health and nutritional claims Prohibited claims rules in India Summary References Further reading 29. Microbial pathogens, toxins, and heavy metals and its impact on consumer health PRANAV ANJARIA, VARUN ASEDIYA, JITENDRAKUMAR NAYAK, JEETENDRAKUMAR CHAUDHARY, AND M.N. BRAHMBHATT Introduction Evolution of milk-borne diseases through history Sources of contamination in milk production Milk-borne infections, intoxications, and toxi-infections Effects of microbial pathogens on consumer health Economic impact Prevention of milk-borne infections Toxins Heavy metals in milk Prevention of toxins and heavy metals Conclusions References 30. Milk protein allergy A.S. SOBANA, A. ELANGO, AND S. UDHAYAVEL Introduction Milk composition and allergen composition of milk Cow milk proteins Cow milk protein allergy Prevalence of MPA Clinical symptoms of MPA Cow milk versus breastfed milk Lactose intolerance versus milk protein allergy Immune pathogenesis of milk protein allergy Diagnostic procedures Treatment Prevention Conclusions References Part III Milking, equipment, and hazards 31. Milking premises, equipment, and routine-based clean milk production J.B. KATHIRIYA, S.H. SINDHI, K.R. BHEDI, AND A.P. SUTHAR Introduction Milking biosecurity in cattle dairy farms Milking parlor hygiene Conclusions References 32. Impact of sanitation on milk production ANURADHA KUMARI, UTKARSH KUMAR TRIPATHI, MANISH KUMAR, AND ANSHUMAN KUMAR Introduction Effect of milking practices on milk quality and hygiene Impact of environmental sanitation on milk production Impact of premilking practices on milk hygiene Effects of postmilk handling practices on milk hygiene References 33. Supplies of water during milking AMITAVA ROY, TANMOY RANA, MADHUCHHANDA KHAN, AND RATNESH KUMAR CHOUDHARY Introduction Water intake and requirements Symptoms of too much or too little water intake Techniques for measuring water intake Problems with water quality Checking water quality Adequate watering facilities Water consumption in dairy animals: Factors and control techniques Conclusion References 34. Organization setup and impact of machine milking AWLESH KUMAR VIDYARTHI Introduction Conclusion 35. Various sources of milk contamination SWOTANTRA DANGI Introduction Milk contamination Milk adulteration in Nepal Milk adulteration with neutralizer Chemical analysis of adulterated milk Milk quality testing methods Points to be considered to avoid milk contamination Quality control in milk Conclusion and way forward References Further reading 36. Chemical residues in milk and their consequences JOE S. SMITH AND PATRICIA DOWLING Introduction Regulation of veterinary drug residues in milk Specific regulations Regulatory approval: Toxicity testing Potential effects of antimicrobial residues from milk on human gastrointestinal microflora Causes of violative residues Withdrawal times On-farm practices for milk residue mitigation Detection of residues in milk Residue detection programs Preventing residues: Advisory organizations Consequences of residues in milk Future directions References 37. Application of detergents and disinfectants in the milk industry VIVEK SAHU AND PRIYA DHATTARWAL Introduction Dairy soil Cleaning Detergents Caustic soda Soda ash Trisodium phosphate Sodium metasilicate Risks associated with alkaline detergents Acid cleaners components Common acid cleaners Risks associated with acid cleaners Selection of detergents Disinfectants Health impact Environmental issues Conclusion References Part IV Milk processing 38. Handling and processing of milk from collection to pasteurization: An overview DIPANWITA BHATTACHARYA, ANNADA DAS, DHANANJAY KUMAR, AND SAURABH KARUNAMAY Introduction Collection of raw milk Chilling of milk Milk reception operations Standardization Methods of standardization Pasteurization Different types of pasteurization processes Basic components of a standard HTST system Pasteurization efficiency Ultra-high-temperature pasteurization Conclusion References 39. Milk treatment, homogenization, bactofugation M. SAHITYARANI Pasteurization Homogenization Bactofugation 40. Microbiological deterioration of milk and milk products M. SAHITYARANI Introduction Sources of microbial contamination Types of microbial deterioration Factors affecting proteinase production and activity Proteinase-inducing spoilage Lipolysis Lipase-inducing spoilage Gas production Ropiness Fluid milk product spoilage UHT milk spoilage Spoilage of concentrated milk products Dried milk spoilage Ice cream spoilage Fermented milk products spoilage Cheese spoilage 41. Layout of milk processing plant and its management SANJEEV KUMAR, SONAM KUMARI, SURYAMANI KUMAR, AND TANMOY RANA Introduction Importance of dairy plant design layout Legal and commercial aspects of plant design Key considerations during designing of dairy plant layout Different types of layouts Arrangements of different sections in the dairy plant Requirement of dairy floors and floors for different sections Selection of building materials Structural aspects of dairy plant Drain and drain layout for small and large dairies Ventilation, illumination, and fly control Conclusions References 42. Preparation of milk byproducts AMITAVA ROY, TANMOY RANA, AND MADHUCHHANDA KHAN Introduction Whey and whey-based products Skimmed milk-based byproducts Buttermilk Indigenous milk enzymes The milk fat globule membrane Milk salts Milk and whey permeates Colostrum Conclusion References 43. Characterization of functional milk products GHULAM MURTAZA, FAKIHA KALIM, AND ADAN AAFREEN Introduction Uses and benefits of milk products Milk products Conclusion References 44. Dried, dehydrated, and fermented milk GHULAM MURTAZA AND RAZIA KAUSAR Introduction Drying of fermented milk products Types of dried milk and milk substitutes: Production, storage, and nutritional considerations Types of dried fermented milk Challenges Conclusion References 45. Defects in milk products: Their causes and prevention S.V. LONDHE, S.N. RINDHE, AND D.P. PATIL Further reading 46. Packaging, transportation, storage and distribution of milk and milk products SACHIN KUMAR SHANDILYA, ALOK MISHRA, ABHISHEK PATHAK, AND KRITIKA DHIAL Introduction Packaging in the dairy industry Packaging materials Milk transportation Milk storage Cleaning and sterilization practices Milk distribution Conclusion 47. Cleaning and sanitation in milk plant ANNADA DAS, KAUSHIK SATYAPRAKASH, DIPANWITA BHATTACHARYA, AND SOUTI PRASAD SARKHEL Introduction Importance of cleaning and sanitation in a milk plant Terms associated with cleaning and sanitation in a milk plant Objectives of milk plant cleaning and sanitation Principles of milk plant cleaning and sanitation Organization of cleaning schedule Procedure of cleaning and sanitation Dairy detergents Ideal properties of a good detergent Type of detergents Methods of cleaning Advantages of CIP Different types of CIP systems used in dairy plants Dairy sanitizers Properties of a good sanitizer Type of sanitizers used in milk plants Considerations for effective cleaning and sanitation Roles of food safety management systems (FSMS) in milk plant cleaning and sanitation Verification of the efficiency of cleaning and sanitation processes in a milk plant Conclusion References 48. Organic milk and organic milk products PRIYA, RACHANA SHARMA, VIVEK SAHU, AND VANDITA MISHRA Introduction Status of organic milk in India Key players for organic dairy industry in India Insight into differences between organic and conventionally produced milk Organic milk preference: Is it a matter of information? Environmental impact assessment of organic milk production Challenges in organic milk production Organic milk products Common organic milk products History of organic milk and organic milk products Regulations for organic milk products Conclusion References 49. Good manufacturing practices and implementation of HACCP in milk plant SAURABH KARUNAMAY, DHANANJAY KUMAR, DIPANWITA BHATTACHARYA, AND RAKSHANDA M. MADAVI Good manufacturing practices Implementation of HACCP in dairy industry Further reading 50. Food safety and standards for milk and milk products MRINMOYEE SARMA, MONOSHREE SARMA, AND PHUNU TALUKDAR Introduction Terms related to food safety Clean milk and public health FSSAI standards for milk and milk products Ultraheat treatment milk (UHT milk) General principles Quality Food standards and regulations in India Different FSSAI standards for milk and milk products Physicochemical properties of milk FSSAI standards for various kinds of milk products Various methods employed for analyzing milk and its products Tests for quality control of milk Methods employed for determination of the total bacterial load of milk and milk products FSSAI standards on composite dairy products New regulations of FSSAI on Milk Analogs Importance of analyzing milk and milk products 51. Dairy effluent treatment AKHIL KUMAR JHA, SONAM BHARDWAJ, S.R. PRASHANTHINI, AND ABHISHEK PATHAK Introduction Composition of dairy effluent Dairy effluent treatment Electrocoagulation (EC) method Alternative treatment procedures Step-by-step treatment of dairy effluent Conclusion References 52. Biological hazards associated with milk and milk processing and its impacts on consumer health UGOCHUKWU F. OGBODO AND AYOMIDE O. ADERETI Introduction Milk collection process Milk processing Biological hazards in milk: Effects on consumer health Prevention of milk contamination References 53. Impact of mastitis on the composition and quality of milk PREETI LAKHANI, ANKITA RAUTELA, POOJA SINGH PUNIA, AND RAHUL PREET SINGH Introduction Types of mastitis Infectious causes Noninfectious causes Impact of mastitis on milk composition Milk composition and association with high somatic cell count Preventing and managing mastitis Conclusion References Further reading 54. Dairy value chain and critical stakeholders for added value products DHANANJAY KUMAR AND SADHANA OJHA Introduction Elements of the dairy value chain Value chain supporters Organizational systems and approaches Fundamental activities of the value chain Value chain supporting activities Potential and limitations Sustainability: Prone or peril Challenges and recommendations Conclusion and recommendations References Further reading 55. Quality control guidelines and assurance of raw and processed milk CHAITALI CHAKRABORTY, AND PAVEL ROUT Introduction Significance of raw and processed milk in human health Concept of quality control Quality assurance Raw milk quality control Process milk quality control Regulatory compliance and standards Conclusion References 56. Milk quality standard evaluation methods to assess physical, chemical, and biological parameters R. SIVACHANDIRAN, NAVYA SRI BAIRI, PORTEEN KANNAN, S SURESHKANNAN, RITA NARAYANAN, S. GURUSARAN, AND G. MOHAMED HASIF Introduction Importance of milk quality Evaluation of physical quality of milk Evaluation of chemical quality of milk Evaluation of biological quality of milk Conclusion References Further reading 57. Innovative technologies to promote healthy milk production, processing, and quality assurance for product development in milk industry VARUN ASEDIYA, PRANAV ANJARIA, AND AJAY NAYAK Introduction Advancements in milk production Innovations in milk processing Quality assurance in the dairy industry Product development and market trends Conclusion References 58. One health approach in food (milk) safety SINA SALAJEGHEH TAZERJI, PARISA ASGHARPOUR, SARAH MOJTABAVI, FATEMEH JAHEDI PARIZI, MELINA MAGHSOUDLOONEJAD, HOMA MOHAMMADI FARD, AND ROOZBEH KALANTARI Overview of sustainable food production challenges Role of the One Health approach in promoting sustainable food production Importance of environment stewardship and conservation in sustainable food production References Further reading Index

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