Introduction; 1. Pathogens and parasites; 1.1 Intestinal viruses, protozoa, and bacteria; 1.2 Intestinal worms; 1.3 Determinants of disease transmission; 1.4 Changing perspectives on childhood diarrheal diseases; 1.5 The microbiome; 1.6 Historical epidemiology and contemporary interventions; 2. Early change; 2.1 Rethinking the first epidemiological transition; 2.2 Patterns of vulnerability; 2.3 Zones of infectious intestinal disease; 2.4 Eurasian attitudes toward human waste; 2.5 Early urban sanitation; 3. Diffusion and amplification; 3.1 The early diffusion of infectious intestinal disease to the Americas; 3.2 The uses of human and animal wastes; 3.3 Preindustrial urban sanitation redux; 3.4 Urban crisis and the emergence of public health movements; 3.5 Global cholera; 4. Innovations; 4.1 The limited practical import of discoveries in epidemiology and bacteriology; 4.2 Early sewerage; 4.3 Death by sewage; 4.4 The 'dry earth' and 'tub-and-pail' systems; 4.5 Sewage farming and trenching; 4.6 Flies, household hygiene, and contaminated milk; 4.7 The typhoid fever vaccine; 4.8 Water filtration and disinfection; 5. Adoptions and adaptations; 5.1 Water and sanitation in Latin America; 5.2 European colonial military sanitation; 5.3 Water and sanitation in East Asia; 5.4 Water and sanitation in tropical Africa; 5.5 Water and sanitation in India; 5.6 Global sanitation at mid-twentieth century; 6. The struggle against hookworm disease; 6.1 Early control programs; 6.2 The Rockefeller Sanitary Commission for the Eradication of Hookworm Disease; 6.3 The Rockefeller Foundation's international programs; 6.4 International Health Board (1916–1927); 6.5 Anemia as a diagnostic conundrum; 6.6 The unmet challenges of human feces disposal; 6.7 Assessments of the hookworm campaigns; 7. An era of optimism; 7.1 Sanitary practices: soap, refrigeration, and screens; 7.2 Vaccines against poliomyelitis; 7.3 The revolution of oral rehydration therapy; 7.4 The World Health Organization and sanitation initiatives; 7.5 The first and second United Nations development decades (1960s–1970s); 7.6 The international drinking water and sanitation decade (1980s); 8. Global health and infectious intestinal disease; 8.1 The infant formula controversy; 8.2 The child survival revolution; 8.3 A new campaign to eradicate poliomyelitis; 8.4 Total community led sanitation; 8.5 Open defecation and the struggle for modernity; 8.6 Deworming the world; 8.7 Rotavirus vaccine; 8.8 The seventh cholera pandemic; 8.9 Infectious intestinal disease today; Conclusion; Bibliography.
