Pathology of the Pancreas

1 The Normal Pancreas.- The Duct System of the Pancreas.- Pancreas Divisum.- Interpretation of Pancreatograms.- The Effects of Age in Relation to Pancreatography.- The Weight of the Normal Pancreas and Pancreatic Fat.- References.- 2 Normal Microscopic Structure.- The Islets of Langerhans.- The Development of the Pancreas.- Epithelial Metaplasia and Dysplasia in the Pancreas.- Pancreatic Injury, Repair and Regeneration.- References.- 3 Congenital Pancreatic Abnormalities.- Congenital Absence of the Pancreas.- Congenital Absence of the Islets of Langerhans.- Congenital Absence of Insulin-Secreting Cells.- Congenital Short Pancreas.- Agenesis of the Dorsal Pancreatic Bud.- Pancreas Divisum.- Annular Pancreas.- Pancreatic Fibrosis, Bilateral Renal Dysplasia, Intrahepatic Biliary Dysgenesis and Situs Inversus Totalis.- Aberrant Pancreatic Ducts.- Heterotopia of Pancreatic Tissue.- Pancreatic Tissue in Teratomas.- Accessory Spleens Within the Pancreas.- Congenital Cysts of the Pancreas.- Pancreatic Cysts Associated with Renal Cystic Disease.- Von Hippel-Lindau Disease.- Dermoid Cysts.- Pancreatic Lymphoepithelial Cysts.- Pancreatic Atrophy.- Congenital Pancreatic Hypoplasia with Haematological Abnormalities (Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome).- Juvenile Nephronophthisis with Calcification of Basal Ganglia and Pancreatic Insufficiency.- Refractory Sideroblastic Anaemia with Vacuolisation of Marrow Precursors and Exocrine Pancreatic Dysfunction.- Beckwith-Wiedman Syndrome.- References.- 4 Effects upon the Pancreas of Disease in Various Organs and Systems.- Cystic Fibrosis (Fibrocystic Disease of the Pancreas, Pancreatic Fibrosis, Mucoviscidosis).- Haemosiderosis of the Pancreas.- Other Pancreatic Lesions Associated with Hepatic Disease.- Chronic Venous Congestion.- Pancreatic Lesions Associated with Chronic Ulcerative Colitis.- Pancreatic Lesions Associated with Uraemia and Dehydration.- The Pancreas in Acute Graft Versus Host Disease.- Pancreatic Lesions in Toxaemia of Pregnancy.- Pancreatic Lesions Associated with Death from Lightning Stroke.- Pancreatic Lesions in Fatal Cases of Burning.- Amyloidosis.- Wilson’s Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration).- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.- Progressive Systemic Sclerosis.- Alpha1 Antitrypsin Deficiency.- Nephropathic Cystinosis.- References.- 5 The Effects of Arterial Disease upon the Pancreas.- Anatomy of the Arteries of the Pancreas.- Aneurysms of the Pancreatic Arteries.- Effects of Arteriosclerosis of the Pancreatic Arteries.- Arterial Lesions in Relation to Acute Haemorrhagic Pancreatitis.- Pancreatic Infarction.- Injury to the Arteries of the Pancreas.- References.- 6 The Pancreas in Diabetes Mellitus and Haemochromatosis.- Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type I Diabetes).- Insulin-Independent Diabetes Mellitus (Maturity-Onset, Type II Diabetes).- Tropical Diabetes or Nutrition-Related Diabetes Mellitus.- The Pancreas in Haemochromatosis.- The Pancreas in Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Other Endocrine Diseases.- Insulin-Resistant Diabetes Mellitus.- References.- 7 Pancreatic Transplantation.- Rejection.- Recurrence of Diabetes.- Transplantation of Islets.- References.- 8 Cystic Pancreatic Neoplasms.- Incidence.- Serous Cystadenoma, Microcystic Adenoma (Glycogen-Rich Cystadenoma).- Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm with Latent Malignancy, Mucinous Cystadenoma, Large Locular Cystadenoma.- Cystadenocarcinoma.- “Ductectatic” Cystadenoma and Cystadenocarcinoma (Intraductal Papillary Neoplasms of the Pancreas).- Solid and Papillary, Papillary and Cystic Epithelial Neoplasms of the Pancreas (Frantz’s Tumour).- Cavernous Lymphangioma.- References.- 9 Solid Carcinomas of the Exocrine Pancreas.- Increasing Incidence.- Aetiology.- Causes of Symptoms.- Abnormal Immunity and Pancreatic Carcinoma.- Neurofibromatosis and Pancreatic Carcinoma.- Lipomatous Pseudohypertrophy and Pancreatic Carcinoma.- Skin Changes.- Ectopic Hormone Production.- Hypercalcaemia.- Macroscopic Features.- Microscopic Features.- Carcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater, Common Bile Duct and Duodenum.- Microscopic Confirmation of a Diagnosis of Carcinoma of the Pancreas.- Use of Tumour Markers in Diagnosis.- Spontaneous Carcinoma of the Exocrine Pancreas in Animals.- References.- 10 Tumours and Hyperplasias of the Endocrine Pancreas.- General Characteristics of Islet Cell Tumours.- Insulinomas.- Gastrinomas.- Glucagonomas.- Somatostatinomas.- Islet Cell Tumours Associated with the Verner-Morrison Syndrome.- Tumours Producing Pancreatic Polypeptide (PPomas).- Carcinoid Tumours of the Pancreas.- The Malignant Behaviour of Pancreatic Endocrine Carcinomas.- Cystic Change in Pancreatic Endocrine Tumours.- Portal Hypertension Due to Islet Cell Tumours.- Response of Islet Cell Tumours to Chemotherapy.- Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumours in Multiple Endocrine Adenopathy.- Nesidioblastosis and Adenomatosis in the Adult.- Hyperplasia of Pancreatic Islets Associated with Extrapancreatic Lymphoma and Sarcoma.- The Pancreas in Persistent Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia in Infancy.- References.- 11 Secondary Tumours, Lymphomas and Rare Tumours.- Secondary Tumours.- Pancreatic Involvement in Lymphoma.- Rare Tumours.- Primary Choriocarcinoma of the Pancreas.- Pancreatic Tumours of Vascular Tissue.- Lymphangioma of the Pancreas.- Tumours of the Exocrine Pancreas in Infancy and Childhood.- Solid and Papillary, Papillary and Cystic Epithelial Neoplasms of the Pancreas.- Tumour-like Lesions.- References.- 12 Non-infective Acute Pancreatitis.- Aetiology and Mechanism.- Morbid Anatomy.- Non-pancreatic Lesions Attributable to Acute Pancreatitis.- Complications and Sequelae.- References.- 13 Non-infective Chronic Pancreatitis.- Clinical Effects of Chronic Pancreatitis.- Classification of Chronic Pancreatitis.- Idiopathic Chronic Pancreatitis.- Pancreatic Calculi and Pancreatic Calcification.- Complications of Chronic Pancreatitis.- References.- 14 Bacterial, Granulomatous, Viral and Parasitic Lesions of the Pancreas.- Pancreatic Abscess.- Salmonella Infections.- Yersiniosis as a Possible Cause of Pancreatitis.- Acute Pancreatitis Associated with Campylobacter Infection.- Acute Haemorrhagic Pancreatitis Complicating Legionnaire’s Disease.- Syphilitic Pancreatitis.- Tuberculosis.- Sarcoidosis.- Actinomycosis.- Fungal Lesions.- Viral Lesions.- Pancreatic Lesions Attributable to HIV Infection.- Pancreatitis in Fulminant Psittacosis.- Protozoal Infection and Pancreatic Disease.- Effects of Helminthic Infestation upon the Pancreas.- References.