Current Therapy in Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

<p>CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE</p> <p>1. Pathology of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis </p> <p>2. Carotid and Vertebral Artery Fibrodysplasia</p> <p>3. Carotid Artery Dissection</p> <p>4. Carotid Artery Kinks and Coils </p> <p>5. Giant Cell Arteritis </p> <p>6. Arteriographic Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Disease </p> <p>7. Computerized Tomography in Cerebrovascular Disease</p> <p>8. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography in the Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Disease </p> <p>9. Duplex scanning and spectral analysis of carotid bifurcation atherosclerotic disease </p> <p>10. Transcranial Doppler in the Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Disease</p> <p>11. Medical treatment to prevent transient ischemic attacks and ischemic stroke </p> <p>12. Medical Therapy including Fibrinolytic Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke </p> <p>13. Selection of Patients for Carotid Endarterectomy versus Carotid Artery Stenting</p> <p>14. Technical Aspects of Percutaneous Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting for Arteriosclerotic Disease </p> <p>15. Reversal of Cerebral Blood Flow to Prevent Stroke During Percutaneous Carotid Artery Angioplasty and Stenting </p> <p>16. Embolic Protection Devices to Prevent Stroke During Percutaneous Angioplasty and Stenting </p> <p>17. Blood Pressure Instability After Percutaneous Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting</p> <p>18. Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome After Carotid Endarterectomy and Carotid Stenting </p> <p>19. Treatment of Recurrent Carotid Artery Stenosis After Percutaneous Angioplasty and Stenting </p> <p>20. Technical Aspects of Conventional Carotid Endarterectomy for Atherosclerotic Disease </p> <p>21. Technical Aspects of Eversion Carotid Endarterectomy for Atherosclerotic Disease </p> <p>22. Patch Graft Closure with Carotid Endarterectomy</p> <p>23. Management of Infected Carotid Artery Patch</p> <p>24. Role of Shunting During Carotid Endarterectomy </p> <p>25. Intraoperative Assessment of the Technical Adequacy of Carotoid Endarterectomy </p> <p>26. Intraoperative Recognition and Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia During Carotid Endarterectomy</p> <p>27. Early Postoperative Recognition and Management of Acute Stroke After Carotid Endarterectomy </p> <p>28. Regional and Local Anesthesia for Carotid Endarterectomy</p> <p>29. Carotid Endarterectomy or Stenting for Evolving Stroke Secondary to Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis </p> <p>30. Timing of Carotid Endarterectomy After Fixed Stroke Secondary to Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis </p> <p>31. Carotid Occlusion and Near-Carotid Occlusion of the Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery </p> <p>32. Blood Pressure Instability After Carotid Endarterectomy </p> <p>33. Relevance of External Carotid Artery Disease in the Setting of Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion</p> <p>34. Intracranial Occlusive Disease and Aneurysms: Influence on Carotid Revascularization Outcomes </p> <p>35. Pathology of Carotid Artery Restenosis</p> <p>36. Treatment of Recurrent Stenosis After Previous Carotid Endarterectomy </p> <p>37. Management of Concomitant Carotid and Coronary Arterial Disease </p> <p>38. The Role of Extracranial Intracranial Bypass in Contemporary Practice </p> <p>39. Open Surgical Treatment of Fibromuscular Dysplasia of the Carotid Artery Fibrodysplasia</p> <p>40. Endovascular Treatment of Fibromuscular Dysplasia of the Carotid Artery </p> <p>41. Vertebral Artery Reconstruction for Vertebrobasilar Ischemia </p> <p>42. Endovascular Angioplasty and Stenting for Proximal Subclavian Artery Stenoses</p> <p>43. Subclavian to Carotid Arterial Transposition</p> <p>44. Carotid-Subclavian Bypass and other Nonanatomic Revascularizations for Proximal Subclavian Artery Stenosis </p> <p>45. Conventional Surgical and Endovascular Treatment of Innominate Artery Atherosclerosis</p> <p>46. Extracranial Carotid Artery Aneurysms</p> <p>47. Carotid Body Tumors </p> <p>48. Radiation-Induced Arteritis </p> <p>49. Surgical Treatment of Takayasu Arteritis</p> <p>UPPER EXTREMITY ARTERIAL DISEASE</p> <p>50. Pathology of Upper Extremity Arterial Disease </p> <p>51. Upper extremity revascularization</p> <p>52. Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Extremity Vasospastic Disease</p> <p>53. Extremity Causalgia - Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy </p> <p>54. Thoracic Sympathectomy </p> <p>55. Etiology and Anatomic Pathology of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome</p> <p>56. Diagnosis of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome </p> <p>57. Conservative Treatment for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome</p> <p>58. Transaxillary Operative Management of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome </p> <p>59. Supraclavicular Operative Approach for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome</p> <p>60. Treatment of Arterial Complications in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome</p> <p>61. Subclavian and Axillary Artery Aneurysms</p> <p>62. Buerger's Disease </p> <p>63. Ergotism </p> <p>64. Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome </p> <p>AORTIC ANEURYSM</p> <p>65. Pathogenesis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>66. Genetics of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>67. Pathogensis of Inflammatory Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>68. Pathophysiology of Aortic Dissections</p> <p>69. Arteriomegaly and Aneurysmosis </p> <p>70. Vascular complications of Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Loeys-Dietz Syndrome</p> <p>71. Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>72. Arteriography in the Evaluation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>73. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms</p> <p>74. Computed Tomography and Computed Tomographic Arteriography in the Evaluation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms</p> <p>75. Selection of Patients with Aortic Aneurysms for Open Surgical or Endovascular Repair </p> <p>76. Management of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>77. Endovascular Treatment of Nonruptured Infrarenal Aortic and Aortoiliac Aneurysms </p> <p>78. Endovascular Treatment of Pararenal and Suprarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>79. Endovascular Treatment of Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms</p> <p>80. Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Infrarenal Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>81. Management of Coexistent Splanchnic and Renal Artery Occlusive Disease During Endovascular Aortic Reconstructions </p> <p>82. Internal iliac artery embolization as an adjunct to endovascular aneurysm repair</p> <p>83. Endovascular Iliac Branch Devices for Iliac Aneurysms</p> <p>84. Iliac Artery Conduits for Endovascular Access </p> <p>85. Conversion to Open Surgical Treatment after Failed Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair </p> <p>86. Treatment of Endovascular Leaks after Aortic Endografting </p> <p>87. Management of Acute Limb Ischemia Complicating Aortic Reconstruction </p> <p>88. Intestinal and Renal Ischemia Complicating Open and Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Reconstructions</p> <p>89. Neurologic Complications After Open and Endovascular Aortic Surgery </p> <p>90. Postoperative Surveillance of Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Endografts</p> <p>91. Treatment of Aortic Endograft Migration</p> <p>92. Open Transperitoneal Surgical Treatment of Nonruptured Infrarenal Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>93. Open Surgical Treatment of Ruptured Infrarenal Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>94. Surgical Treatment of Infected Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms</p> <p>95. Surgical Treatment of Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>96. Open Surgical Treatment of Pararenal and Suprarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms</p> <p>97. Retreoperitoneal Approach for Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy</p> <p>98. Autotransfusion in Aortic Reconstruction </p> <p>99. Surgical Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm-Inferior Vena Cava Fistula</p> <p>100. Management of Primary Aortoenteric Fistulas </p> <p>101. Renal Ectopia and Renal Fusion in Patients Requiring Abdominal Aortic Operations </p> <p>102. Venous Anomalies Encountered During Aortic Reconstruction </p> <p>103. Open and Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Renal Transplant Patients</p> <p>104. Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair and Concurrent Nonvascular Disease </p> <p>105. Recognition and Treatment of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Following Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair </p> <p>106. Endovascular Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms</p> <p>107. Endovascular Graft Completion of Thoracic Aneurysm Repair</p> <p>108. Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Debranching in the Endovascular Treatment of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>109. Endograft (Vortec) Reconstruction of Aortic Branches Allowing Endovascular Treatment of Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>110. Multibranched endovascular repair of TAAA </p> <p>111. Open Surgical Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>112. Open Surgical Treatment of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>113. Paraplegia Prevention in Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair </p> <p>114. Non-operative Medical Management of Acute Aortic Dissection</p> <p>115. Endovascular Treatment of Aortic Dissections</p> <p>116. Open Surgical Treatment of Aortic Dissections</p> <p>117. Natural History and Open Treatment of Isolated Iliac Artery Aneurysms </p> <p>118. Endovascular Treatment of Isolated Iliac Artery Aneurysms </p> <p>119. Long-Term Alterations in Large Caliber Arterial Prostheses Used for Aortic Replacement </p> <p>120. Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms </p> <p>LOWER EXTREMITY ANEURYSM</p> <p>121. Arteriosclerotic Femoral Artery Aneurysms </p> <p>122. Infected Femoral Artery False Aneurysms </p> <p>123. Obturator Foramen Bypass Grafts in Groin Sepsis</p> <p>124. Endovascular Treatment of Popliteal Artery Aneurysms </p> <p>125. Open Surgical Treatment of Popliteal Artery Aneurysms</p> <p>AORTOILIAC OCCLUSIVE DISEASE</p> <p>126. Anatomic Pattern and Natural History of Aortoiliac and Infrainguinal Atherosclerosis</p> <p>127. Conventional Arteriography, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, and Computed Tomographic Arteriography of Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease</p> <p>128. Physiologic and Noninvasive Studies to Document Severity and Extent of Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease</p> <p>129. Selection of Patients for Open Surgical or Endovascular Treatment of Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease </p> <p>130. Percutaneous Arterial Angioplasty, with and without Stenting for Atherosclerotic Aortic and Iliac Artery Occlusive Disease</p> <p>131. Aortofemoral Bypass for Atherosclerotic Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease</p> <p>132. Endarterectomy for Atherosclerotic Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease</p> <p>133. Management of Juxtarenal Aortic Occlusive Disease by Retroperitoneal Transabdominal Exposures of the Pararenal and Suprarenal Aorta</p> <p>134. Acute Aortic Occlusion</p> <p>135. Aortic Graft Limb Occlusion </p> <p>136. Open and Endovascular Treatment of Anastomotic Aneurysms After Aortoaortic, Aortoiliac and Aortofemoral Bypass </p> <p>137. Laparoscopic Aortic Surgery</p> <p>138. Combined Endovascular and Laparoscopic Aortic Surgery</p> <p>139. Abdominal Aortic Coarctation and Hypoplasia</p> <p>140. Descending Thoracic Aorta to Femoral Artery Bypass</p> <p>141. Axillofemoral Bypass</p> <p>142. Unilateral Retroperitoneal Iliofemoral Bypass </p> <p>143. Femorofemoral Bypass for Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease</p> <p>144. Diagnosis of Aortic Graft Infection</p> <p>145. Treatment of Aortic Graft Infection by Replacement </p> <p>146. In Situ Treatment of Aortic Graft Infection with Prosthetic Grafts and Allografts </p> <p>147. Aortic Graft-Enteric Fistula</p> <p>148. Vasculogenic and Postoperative Neurogenic Impotence </p> <p>149. Drug Therapy of Erectile Dysfunction</p> <p>150. Management of Groin Lymphocele and Lymph Fistula </p> <p>151. Management of Chyloperitoneum and Chylothorax After Aortic Reconstruction </p> <p>152. Coronary Artery Disease in Patients being Treated for Aortic Aneurysms and Occlusive Disease </p> <p>153. Pulmonary Risks in Patients being Treated for Aortic Aneurysms and Occlusive Disease</p> <p>154. Metabolic Syndrome in the Contemporary World </p> <p>155. Smoking as a Risk Factor in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease</p> <p>156. Smoking: Preventive Measures</p> <p>157. Treatment of Dyslipidemia and Hypertriglyceridemia </p> <p>158. Hypertension as a Risk Factor in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease </p> <p>159. Diabetes as a Risk Factor in Atherosclerotic Cerebrovascular Disease </p> <p>160. Homocysteine as a Risk Factor in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease </p> <p>161. Nitric Oxide and Vascular Disease </p> <p>162. Integrative Therapies in Vascular Disease</p> <p>LOWER EXTREMITY OCCLUSIVE DISEASE</p> <p>163. Conventional and Computed Tomographic Angiography for Evaluation of Infrainguinal Occlusive Disease</p> <p>164. Magnetic Resonance Angiography for Evaluation of Infrarenal Occlusive Disease</p> <p>165. Doppler Pressure Evaluation of Infrainguinal Occlusive Disease</p> <p>166. Duplex Imaging of Infrainguinal Occlusive Disease</p> <p>167. Intravascular Ultrasound for Imaging of Diseased Arteries </p> <p>168. Selection of Patients for Open Surgical or Endovascular Treatment of Lower Extremity Occlusive Disease</p> <p>169. Percutaneous Angioplasty with and without Stenting for Lower Extremity Occlusive Disease </p> <p>170. Subintimal Recanalization for Lower Extremity Occlusive Disease </p> <p>171. Endovascular Grafts in the Treatment of Lower Extremity Occlusive Disease </p> <p>172. Percutaneous Cryoplasty and Laser Treatment of Lower Extremity Occlusive Disease </p> <p>173. Duplex Directed Vascular Intervention for Lower Extremity Arteriosclerotic Occlusive Disease</p> <p>174. Reversed and Nonreversed Transposed Autogenous Vein Grafting for Atherosclerotic Lower Extremity Oclusive Disease</p> <p>175. Short Vein Grafts from the Distal Superficial Femoral, Popliteal, or Infrapopliteal Arteries for Limb Salvage</p> <p>176. In Situ Saphenous Vein Grafting for Lower Extremity Occlusive Disease</p> <p>177. Arm Veins for Lower Extremity Arterial Reconstruction</p> <p>178. Composite Sequential Bypass Grafts for Lower Extremity Occlusive Disease</p> <p>179. Expanded Teflon and Dacron Grafts for Lower Extremity Arteriosclerotic Occlusive Disease </p> <p>180. Human Umbilical Vein and Other Biografts for Atherosclerotic Lower Extremity Occlusive Disease </p> <p>181. Deep Femoral Artery Reconstruction for the Treatment of Lower Extremity Ischemia</p> <p>182. Open Superficial Femoral Artery Endarterectomy for Lower Extremity Arteriosclerotic Occlusive Disease </p> <p>183. Percutaneous Mechnical and Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Thrombosis of Lower Extremity Arteries and Grafts</p> <p>184. Operative Thrombectomy for Acute Thrombosis of Lower Extremity Bypass Grafts </p> <p>185. Surveillance of Lower Extremity Bypass Grafts </p> <p>186. Open Surgery and Endovascular Management of Failing Infrainguinal Bypass Graft</p> <p>187. Complications and Treatment of Persistent Sciatic Arteries </p> <p>188. Popliteal Artery Adventitial Cystic Disease</p> <p>189. Popliteal Entrapment and Chronic Lower Extremity Compartment Syndromes</p> <p>190. Exercise in the Management of Lower Extremity Occlusive Disease </p> <p>191. Pharmacologic Management of Intermittent Claudication</p> <p>192. Ulceration of the Neuroischemic Diabetic Foot </p> <p>193. Lumbar Sympathectomy for Lower Extremity Ischemic Ulcers</p> <p>194. Angiogenic Gene Therapy</p> <p>195. Stem Cell Therapy</p> <p>196. Prothrombotic States and Vascular Thromboses </p> <p>197. Role of Antithrombotic Drugs in Maintaining Graft Patency</p> <p>198. Complications of Heparin Anticoagulation Therapy </p> <p>EMBOLIC DISEASES OF THE EXTREMITIES</p> <p>199. Arterial Macroembolism</p> <p>200. Paradoxical Embolism </p> <p>201. Microarterial Atheroembolism</p> <p>202. Operative Revascularization for "Trash Foot" </p> <p>203. Anticoagulant and Lytic Therapy for Arterial Thromboembolism in the Extremities</p> <p>204. Balloon Catheter Embolectomy for Macroembolization in the Extremities</p> <p>205. Noninvasive Methods of Diagnosing Cardiac and Noncardiac Sources of Macroemboli</p> <p>AMPUTATION</p> <p>206. Toe and Foot Amputations </p> <p>207. Below-Knee Amputations</p> <p>208. Above-Knee Amputations and Hip Disarticulations</p> <p>209. Upper Extremity Amputations </p> <p>210. Rehabilitation of the Amputee </p> <p>VASCULAR TRAUMA</p> <p>211. Conventional and Computed Tomographic Arteriography in Penetrating Vascular Injuries</p> <p>212. Nonarteriographic Evaluation of Penetrating Vascular Injuries</p> <p>213. Penetrating and Blunt Injuries of the Carotid Artery</p> <p>214. Penetrating and Blunt Injuries of the Vertebral Artery</p> <p>215. Blunt Arterial Injuries of the Shoulder, Open and Endovascular Therapy </p> <p>216. Penetrating Injuries of the Aortic Arch, Innominate Artery and Subclavian Artery</p> <p>217. Open and Endovascular Treatment of Blunt and Penetrating Nonaortic Abdominal Vascular Injuries</p> <p>218. Open and Endovascular Repair of Aortic Injury</p> <p>219. Complications of Upper and Lower Extremity Percutaneous Arterial Puncture and Catheterization </p> <p>220. Open and Endovascular Treatment of Penetrating Extremity Arterial Injuries</p> <p>221. Blunt Arterial Injuries to the Knee </p> <p>222. Fasciotomy in Vascular Trauma and Extremity Compartment Syndrome</p> <p>223. Ischemia-Induced Myonecrosis, Myoglobinuria, and Secondary Renal Failure </p> <p>224. Vascular Injury Secondary to Drug Abuse </p> <p>225. Cold Injury </p> <p>226. Pediatric Iatrogenic Vascular Injury </p> <p>MESENTERIC VASCULAR DISEASE</p> <p>227. Arteriographic Evaluation of Splanchnic Artery Occlusive Disease</p> <p>228. Duplex Scanning in the Diagnosis of Splanchnic Artery Occlusive Disease</p> <p>229. Acute Embolic and Thrombotic Mesenteric Ischemia</p> <p>230. Endovascular Therapy for Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia</p> <p>231. Transaortic Splanchnic Endarterectomy for Chronic Mesenteric Ischemi</p> <p>232. Arterial Bypass for Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia</p> <p>233. Operative Treatment of Pediatric Splanchnic Arterial Occlusive Disease </p> <p>234. Celiac Artery Compression Syndrome </p> <p>235. Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia</p> <p>236. Venous Thrombosis within the Splanchnic Circulation</p> <p>237. Celiac, Hepatic,and Splenic Artery Aneurysms </p> <p>238. Mesenteric Artery Aneurysm </p> <p>239. Gastroduodenal and Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Aneurysms</p> <p>240. Vascular Malformations and Arteriovenous Fistulae of the Gastrointestinal Tract</p> <p>RENOVASCULAR DISEASE</p> <p>241. Pathology of Arteriosclerotic, Fibrodysplastic, and Developmental Renal Artery Occlusive Disease</p> <p>242. Conventional Arteriographic and Computed Tomographic Arteriographic Diagnosis of Renovascular Hypertension </p> <p>243. Magnetic Resonance Angiography in the Evaluation of Renovascular Disease</p> <p>244. Duplex Scanning in the Evaluation of Renal Arteiral Occlusive Disease</p> <p>245. Renovascular Hypertension and Renal Artery Occlusive Disease </p> <p>246. Renal Insufficiency and Renal Artery Occlusive Disease</p> <p>247. Selection of Patients for Open Surgical or Endovascular Treatment of Renal Artery Arteriosclerotic Disease </p> <p>248. Percutaneous Arterial Dilation and Stenting for Arteriosclerotic Renovascular Hypertension</p> <p>249. Percutaneous Arterial Dilation for Fibrodysplastic Renovascular Hypertension </p> <p>250. Transaortic Renal Artery and Endarterectomy for Renal Artery Atherosclerosis </p> <p>251. Aortorenal Bypass for Renovascular Hypertension in Adults</p> <p>252. Alternative Renal Artery Reconstructive Techniques: Hepatorenal, Spenorenal, Iliorenal, and Mesorenal Bypass Procedures </p> <p>253. Ex Vivo Arterial Repair for Renovascular Hypertension Secondary to Fibrodysplasia</p> <p>254. Operative Evaluation of Renal and Visceral Arterial Reconstructions Using Duplex Sonography</p> <p>255. Surgical Treatment of Renovascular Hypertension in Children </p> <p>256. Renal Artery Dissections</p> <p>257. Renal Artery Embolism </p> <p>258. Renal Vein Thrombosis</p> <p>259. Treatment of Renal Artery Aneurysms</p> <p>260. Renal Arteriovenous Malformations and Arteriovenous Fistulae</p> <p>ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAE AND ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS</p> <p>261. Classification of Peripheral Arteriovenous and Venous Malformations</p> <p>262. Arteriography and Magnetic Resonance Angiography for the Diagnosis of Peripheral Vascular Fistulae and Arterial and Venous Malformations</p> <p>263. Treatment of Congenital Vascular Malformations in Children and Adults</p> <p>264. Treatment of Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistulas</p> <p>ANGIOACCESS SURGERY</p> <p>265. External Methods of Angioaccess </p> <p>266. Direct Arteriovenous Communication Angioaccess</p> <p>267. Bridge Grafts for Angioaccess </p> <p>268. Surveillance of Angioaccess Graft Function</p> <p>269. Treatment of Thrombotic Complications of Dialysis Access </p> <p>270. Ambulatory Treatment of Dialysis Access Stenoses</p> <p>VENOUS DISEASE</p> <p>271. Coagulation Cascade and Thrombosis</p> <p>272. Pathophysiology of Acute Venous Thrombosis </p> <p>273. Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis of Venous Disease </p> <p>274. Magnetic Resonance Venography and Computed Tomographic Venography </p> <p>275. Invasive Methods of Diagnosing Acute and Chronic Venous Disease</p> <p>276. Natural History of Acute Venous Thrombosis </p> <p>277. Nonoperative Treatment of Acute Lower Extremity Venous Thrombosis</p> <p>278. New and Alternative Anticoagulants </p> <p>279. Warfarin-Induced Skin Necrosis</p> <p>280. Endovascular Thrombolysis and Mechanical Clot Removal for Acute Symptomatic Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis</p> <p>281. Open Surgical Treatment of Acute Iliofemoral and Inferior Vena Thrombosis</p> <p>282. Treatment of Acute Upper Extremity Venous Occlusion</p> <p>283. Treatment of Septic (Purulent and Suppurative) Thrombophlebitis </p> <p>284. Pathology and Classification of Chronic Venous Insufficiency </p> <p>285. Endovascular Treatment of Chronic Venous Occlusion</p> <p>286. Endovascular Laser Treatment of Varicose Veins</p> <p>287. Endovascular Radiofrequency Treatment of Varicose Veins</p> <p>288. Injection Treatment of Lower Extremity Varicose Veins</p> <p>289. Excision of Varicose Veins </p> <p>290. Open Surgical Treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency</p> <p>291. Nonoperative Treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency</p> <p>292. Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Venous Ulcers</p> <p>293. Open Surgical, Endoscopic, and Endovascular Treatment of Perforating Veins</p> <p>294. Nonoperative Treatment of Venous Ulcers</p> <p>295. Renal Vein Entrapment: Nutcracker Syndrome</p> <p>296. Pelvic Venous Flow Disorders and Pelvic Congestion</p> <p>297. Endovascular Treatment of Vena Cava Occlusion</p> <p>298. Open Surgical Treatment of Thrombotic Vena Cava Occlusion</p> <p>299. Primary and Secondary Vena Cava Tumors </p> <p>300. Nonoperative Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism</p> <p>301. Surgical Treatment of Acute and Chronic Pulmonary Embolism </p> <p>302. Permanent and Temporary Vena Cava Filters</p> <p>303. Venous Aneurysms</p> <p>LYMPHATIC DISEASE</p> <p>304. Diagnosis and Clinical Evaluation </p> <p>305. Lymphedema, Medical and Physical Therapy</p> <p>306. Surgical Treatment of Lymphedema</p>