Developmental-Behavioral Disorders

1: New Genetic Syndromes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Genetic Syndromes.- 3. Summary.- References.- 2: Adolescents with Chronic Handicaps: Problems of Sexual and Emotional Development.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Factors in Social and Sexual Development of the Handicapped.- 2.1. Paucity of Research.- 2.2. Prevalent Myths.- 2.3. Societal Attitudes.- 2.4. Family Attitudes.- 2.5. Individual Issues.- 2.6. Narcissism and Self-Esteem.- 3. Case Studies.- 3.1. Case Study 1.- 3.2. Case Study 2.- 4. Sex Education for the Handicapped.- 4.1. Four Critical Areas of Sex Education.- 4.2. Research on Knowledge Base about Sex.- 5. Conclusion.- References.- 3: Divorce: A Developmental-Behavioral Disorder?.- 1. Introduction.- 2. External Stresses on Marriage.- 3. Internal Stresses on Marriage.- 4. Unresolved Conflicts Carried over into Marriage.- 5. Warning Signs and Symptoms of a Troubled Marriage.- 6. Conclusion.- References.- 4: The Learning-Disabled Child/Adolescent: Improving Self-Esteem.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Narcissism and Self-Esteem.- 3. Therapies.- 3.1. Strategy One: Use a Multidisciplinary-Team Approach.- 3.2. Strategy Two: Dr. Gordon’s Model for Improving Self- Esteem.- 3.3. Strategy Three: Dr. Rappaport’s Model for Improving Self-Esteem.- 3.4. Strategy Four: Suggestions for Working with Parents.- 3.5. Strategy Five: Other Office Management Suggestions.- 4. Conclusion.- References.- 5: Military and Civilian Developmental Medicine: Bridging the Gap.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Background on the Army’s Special Situations.- 3. Recent Changes to Meet the Needs of Army Families.- 4. Army Fellowship Programs in Developmental Pediatrics.- 5. Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services.- 5.1. The Basic Program.- 5.2. Program for the Handicapped.- 6. Suggestions for Civilian Health Care Providers.- 7. Summary.- References.- 6: Hospitalization of Children: Its Impact, Use, and Abuse.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Literature Review.- 2.1. Effects of Hospitalization on Children and Families.- 2.2. Impact of Research on Hospitalization Practices.- 3. The Effects of Recurrent Hospitalization.- 3.1. Recurrent Life-Threatening Episodes in Infancy.- 3.2. Chronic Asthma.- 4. Hospitalization in Crises Intervention.- 4.1. Chronic Nonspecific Gastrointestinal Symptoms.- 4.2. Conclusion.- References.- 7: The Physician in the Courtroom: How and How Not To Act.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Lawyer’s Concerns.- 3. The Witness’ Concerns.- 4. Anatomy of Testimony.- 5. Techniques of Cross-Examination and Guidelines for Witnesses during Depositions and at Trial.- 6. Conclusion.- 8: Office Management of the Oppositional Child.- 1. Diagnostic Criteria and Parent Rating Scales.- 2. Prevention of Oppositional Behavior.- 3. Cognitive Development of Children.- 3.1. The Effect on the Parent.- 3.2. The Effect on the Child.- 3.3. How to Teach Young Children.- 4. Disciplining Oppositional Children.- 5. Oppositional Behavior.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 9: Promoting the Development of Children in Busy Primary Health Care Settings.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Primary Prevention.- 2.1. Parent Counseling.- 2.2. Denver Developmental Activities.- 3. Secondary Prevention.- 4. The Denver Approach to Developmental Screening.- 5. First-Stage Screening.- 5.1. The Revised Denver Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire.- 5.2. The Denver Developmental Screening Test.- 6. Second-Stage Screening.- 7. Tertiary Prevention through Diagnosis and Treatment.- 8. Conclusion.- References.- 10: Chronic Otitis Media, Speech/Language Disorders, and Learning Disabilities: Is There a Link?.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Epidemiologic Considerations.- 3. Chronic Otitis Media: Neurodevelopmental Sequelae.- 3.1. Speech and Language Development.- 3.2. Academic Competence.- 3.3. Central Auditory-Processing Function.- 3.4. Controversial Aspects.- 4. Summary.- References.- 11: The Latchkey Child: A New Psychosocial Challenge in Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Brief Historical Considerations.- 3. Epidemiologic Considerations.- 4. The Latchkey Experience: Advantages versus Disadvantages.- 4.1. Effects on Children.- 4.2. Effects on Parents.- 4.3. Effects on Community.- 5. Possible Management Strategies.- 6. Summary.- References.- 12: Emotional and Behavioral Milestones in Infancy and Early Childhood.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Maladaptive Patterns and Preventive Therapeutic Implications.- 3. Emotional Health Checklist: Charting Emotional Milestones for Infants and Children.- 3.1. General Parenting Patterns.- 3.2. General Infant Tendencies.- 3.3. Outline of Developmental Milestones by Age.- 3.4. Guidelines for Categorizing Patterns and for Recommending and Conducting Comprehensive Evaluations.- References.- Suggested Reading.- 13: Accepted and Controversial Neuromotor Therapies for Infants at High Risk for Cerebral Palsy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Neuromotor Therapies.- 2.1. Neurodevelopmental Treatment Approach: Bobath.- 2.2. Sensorimotor Treatment Approach: Rood.- 2.3. Sensory Integration Approach to Treatment: Ayres.- 2.4. Vojta Approach to Treatment.- 2.5. Patterning Therapy: Doman-Delacato.- 3. Similarities and Differences among the Therapy Approaches.- 4. Controversies.- 5. Clinical Implications.- 6. Directions for Future Research.- 7. Summary.- References.- 14: Child Abuse and Neglect.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Etiology.- 2.1. Characteristics of Abusive Parents.- 2.2. Characteristics of Abused Children.- 2.3. Chronic Stress and Crises.- 3. Psychological Symptoms of Abused Children.- 4. Clinical Manifestations.- 4.1. Physical Abuse.- 4.2. Mental Abuse.- 4.3. Sexual Abuse.- 4.4. Neglect.- 5. Diagnosis.- 6. Treatment.- 6.1. Therapy with Parents.- 6.2. Therapy with Children.- 7. Prevention.- References.- 15: Ideas from Our Evolutionary Past: Implications for the Care of Children at the End of the Twentieth Century.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Support for the New Mother and Infant.- 3. The Role of Body Contact.- 4. Breastfeeding.- 5. Support during Labor.- 6. Support and Mother-Infant Interaction.- 7. Early Father-Infant Contact and Interaction.- 8. Early and Extended Postpartum Mother-Infant Contact.- 9. The Central Nursery.- 10. Conclusion.- References.- 16: Developmental Disabilities: The Military Experience.- 1. Background.- 2. The Exceptional Family Member Program Treatment-Team Network.- 3. Developmental Pediatrics in the Army.- 4. The Expanding Role of the Exceptional Family Member Program.- References.- 17: Learning Disabilities: A Neurologist’s Perspective.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Neurologic Basis of Learning Disabilities.- 3. Clinical Process.- 3.1. History.- 3.2. General Physical Examination.- 3.3. Neurologic Examination.- 3.4. Laboratory Tests.- 4. Failing to Learn.- 5. Treatable Disorders Associated with Learning Disabilities.- 6. Treatable Medical Contributors to Learning Disabilities.- 7. Treatable Neurologic Contributors to Learning Disabilities.- 7.1. Why Seizures Can Interfere with Learning.- 7.2. Why Headaches Can Interfere with Learning.- 8. Failing to Learn: Does the Physician Make a Difference?.- 9. The Learning-Disabled Child: Physician’s Roles.- 10. Summary.- Suggested Reading.- 18: Epilepsy: Developmental and Behavioral Sequelae.- 1. Definitions.- 2. Epidemiologic Considerations.- 3. Classification.- 4. Predisposing Factors.- 5. Treatment Options.- 6. Seizure Control in Childhood Epilepsy.- 7. Seizure Recurrences.- 7.1. Seizure Recurrence after First Unprovoked Seizure.- 7.2. Risk of Recurrence of Postnatal, Nonfebrile Seizures.- 7.3. Risk of Recurrence for Newly Treated Childhood Epilepsy.- 7.4. Stopping Medication in Children with Epilepsy.- 8. Prognosis in Childhood Epilepsy.- 8.1. Epilepsy and Intelligence.- 8.2. Epilepsy and Learning Problems/Disabilities.- 8.3. Epilepsy and Emotional-Psychiatric-Behavioral Disorders.- 9. Potential Contributors to Cognitive Impairment, Learning Problems, and Affective-Behavioral Disorders in the Child with Epilepsy.- 9.1. Epilepsy-Related Factors.- 9.2. Epilepsy-Associated Factors.- References.- Suggested Reading.- 19: Childhood Headaches.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Epidemiologic Considerations.- 2.1. Pain-Sensitive Structures.- 2.2. Referral of Pain.- 2.3. Mechanisms of Headache.- 3. Laboratory Studies in Childhood Headache.- 4. Summary.- References.- Suggested Reading.- 20: Neurologic Aspects of Autism and Rett Syndrome.- 1. Autism.- 1.1. Criteria for Diagnosis.- 1.2. What is the Basis of Autism?.- 1.3. Interventions and Outcome.- 2. Rett Syndrome.- 2.1. Diagnostic Criteria.- 2.2. Exclusion Criteria.- 2.3. Clinical Stages.- 2.4. Additional Clinical Features.- 2.5. Frequency.- 2.6. Neuropathology.- 2.7. Neurochemistry.- 2.8. Neuroimaging.- 2.9. Electroencephalography.- 2.10. Genetics.- 2.11. Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology.- 2.12. Therapy.- References.- Suggested Reading.- 21: Adolescent Alcohol Abuse: A Review.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Scope of the Problem.- 3. General Characteristics.- 3.1. Where Does the Drinking Occur?.- 3.2. Beverage Choice.- 3.3. Quantity Consumed.- 4. Contributing Factors.- 4.1. Parental Influences.- 4.2. Peer Influence.- 4.3. The Role of Culture.- 4.4. Personality Characteristics.- 5. Relationship between Problem Drinking and Other Problem Behavior.- 5.1. The Use of Illicit Drugs.- 5.2. Antisocial or Delinquent Behavior.- 5.3. Alcohol and Traffic Accidents.- 6. The Stages of Alcohol Abuse.- 6.1. Stage 0: Curiosity in a “Do-Drug” World.- 6.2. Stage 1: Learning the Mood Swing.- 6.3. Stage 2: Seeking the Mood Swing.- 6.4. Stage 3: Preoccupations with the Mood Swing.- 6.5. Stage 4: Doing Drugs or Alcohol to Feel Okay.- 7. Etiology.- 8. Diagnosis.- 9. Treatment.- 10. Summary.- References.- 22: The Controversial Therapies Proposed for Treatment of the Child with Learning Disabilities and/or Attention Deficit Disorder.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Clinical Interventions.- 2.1. Neurophysiologic Retraining.- 2.2. Orthomolecular Medicine.- 3. Discussion.- References.