Sex Roles and Psychopathology

I Introduction.- 1 Sex Roles and Psychopathology.- Psychopathology in a Social Context.- Sex, Roles, and Psychopathology.- Overview of the Chapters.- References.- 2 A Historical Perspective.- Nineteenth-Century Psychological Thought.- Specific Syndromes.- Nineteenth-Century Psychiatric Practice in Lunatic Asylums.- Conclusion.- References.- II Neurotic, Affective, and Schizophrenic Disorders.- 3 Gender Ideology and Phobias in Women.- Phobias.- Sex Roles and the Ideology of Gender Differentiation.- Gender Ideology and Phobias.- Current Limitations of the Gender Ideology Model of Phobias.- Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 4 Hysteria.- Diagnosis.- Incidence of Sex Bias in Diagnosis of Hysteria.- Explanations of Sex Bias in Diagnosis of Hysteria.- Conclusion.- References.- 5 Sex Roles and Psychophysiological Disorders: Coronary Heart Disease.- Reasons for Studying Coronary Heart Disease in Women.- Pathways of Risk.- Unitary Risk Factors.- Complex Risk Factors.- Conclusions.- References.- 6 Depression in Relation to Sex Roles: Differences in Learned Susceptibility and Precipitating Factors.- Definitions and Symptoms of Depression.- Theories of Depression.- Some Data on Sex Differences in Depression.- Discussion.- References.- 7 Suicide.- Trends.- Marital Status and Suicidal Behavior.- Characteristics of Suicidal Individuals.- Explanations for Sex Differences in Suicidal Behavior.- Female Suppression and Sex Differences in Suicide.- Final Comments.- References.- 8 Schizophrenia.- Clinical and Behavioral Symptoms.- Empirical Assessments of Gender Identity and Gender Roles in Schizophrenia.- Premorbidity and Age at Onset.- Explanations of Gender Identity and Gender Role Difficulties in Schizophrenia.- The Diathesis-Gender-Stress Model of Schizophrenia.- Conclusion.- References.- III Social Deviation and Sexual Dysfunction.- 9 Sex Roles, Criminality, and Psychopathology.- Sex Roles and Criminality.- Psychiatric Disorders and Criminality.- Conclusion.- References.- 10 A Sex-Roles Perspective on Drug and Alcohol Use by Women.- Drugs and Drug Abuse.- Sex Differences in Drug Use.- Trends and Changes in Sex Differences in Drug and Alcohol Use.- Sex Roles.- Sex Role Norms and Drug Use.- Sex Role Performance and Drug Use.- Sex Role Identity and Substance Abuse.- Implications.- References.- 11 Sex Roles and Sexual Dysfunction.- Sexuality and Sex Role Socialization.- Sex Role Expectations.- The Effects of Sex Roles in Relationships.- Marriage, Sex Roles, and Sexual Dysfunction.- Directions toward Change.- References.- IV Age-Related Disorders.- 12 Sex-Related Differences in the Epidemiology of Child Psychopathology.- Methodological Problems.- Intellectual Disorders.- Adjustment Disorder of Childhood.- Behavior Disorders.- Emotional Disorders.- Pervasive Developmental Disorders.- Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 13 Sex-Role Stereotypes and the Development of Eating Disorders.- Epidemiology of Eating Disorders.- “Direct” Influences of Sex Roles on Eating Habits.- Other Mental Health Ramifications.- “Indirect” Influences of Sex Roles on Eating Disorders.- Overview.- Implications for Clinical Intervention.- Research Priorities.- References.- 14 Senescence, Sex Roles, and Stress: Shepherding Resources into Old Age.- Depression or Death? An Overview of Gender and Aging.- Salutogenesis and Senescence: Growing Old and Liking It.- Conclusion.- References.- V Societal Management and Control.- 15 Sex Roles, Psychological Assessment, and Patient Management.- Psychological Assessment.- Patient Management.- Conclusions and Recommendations.- References.- 16 Sex Roles in Medicine.- Sex Differences in Health.- Sex Differences in Medical Behavior.- Sex Differences in Medical Treatment of Men and Women.- References.