<p>Part I: Pathophysiology, Natural History, Stages, and Diagnosis</p><p>1: Pathophysiology of Portal Hypertension<br>Yasuko Iwakiri and Roberto J. Groszmann</p><p>2: Natural History and Stages of Cirrhosis<br>Gennaro D’Amico</p><p>3: Diagnosis of Esophageal Varices<br>Massimo Primignani</p><p>Part II: Preventing the First Variceal Hemorrhage</p><p>4: Assessing the Risk of Bleeding<br>Roberto de Franchis </p><p>5: Prevention of the Formation and Growth of Esophageal Varices<br>Carlo Merkel and Sara Montagnese</p><p>6: Beta-Blockers for All…or Not<br>Laure Elkrief and Didier Lebrec </p><p>7: Pre-Primary and Primary Prophylaxis of Variceal Hemorrhage<br>Tilman Sauerbruch and Jonel Trebicka</p><p>8: HVPG-Guided Prophylaxis <br>Alessandra Dell’Era and Francesca Iannuzzi</p><p><br>Part III: Treatment of Acute Variceal Hemorrhage</p><p>9: Transfusion Policy<br>Càndid Villanueva, Oana Pavel, and Alba Ardèvol Ribalta</p><p>10: Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Acute Variceal Hemorrhage<br>Javier Fernández </p><p>11: Use of Vasoactive Drugs for Acute Variceal Bleeding <br>Stefania Casu, Annalisa Berzigotti, and Jaime Bosch</p><p>12: Endoscopic Treatment of Acute Variceal Bleeding<br>Christos Triantos, Maria Kalafateli, and Andrew Kenneth Burroughs </p><p>13: TIPS: Primary Therapy or Rescue in Treatment of Acute Variceal Hemorrhage<br>Virginia Hernández-Gea, Fanny Turon, and Juan Carlos García-Pagán</p><p>14: How to Manage Gastric and Ectopic Varices<br>Ashok Chaudhary and Shiv Kumar Sarin</p><p>15: Should We Be Concerned About Coagulation in the Treatment of Acute Variceal Hemorrhage?<br>Armando Tripodi</p><p>Part IV: Prevention of Rebleeding</p><p>16: Variceal Rebleeding: Drugs, Endoscopy, or Both<br>Flemming Bendtsen, Søren Møller, and Aleksander Krag</p><p>17: Role of TIPS and Surgery in Prevention of Rebleeding<br>Christophe Bureau and Jean-Pierre Vinel </p><p>Part V: Special Situations</p><p>18: Variceal Bleeding in Patients with Vascular Liver Disease<br>Dominique-Charles Valla<br></p>