Atlas of Hypertension

1 Pathogenesis of Hypertension: Genetic and Environmental Factors.- Genetic Factors in Hypertension.- Environmental Factors in Hypertension.- Gene-Environment Interactions in Hypertension.- 2 Role of the Nervous System in Human Hypertension.- Functional Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System.- Factors Affecting the Autonomic Control of Blood Pressure in Humans.- Testing Autonomic Function in Humans.- The Autonomic Nervous System in Human Hypertension.- Obesity, Hypertension, and the Sympathetic Nervous System.- 3 Kidney, Sodium, and the Renin-Angiotensin System.- Anatomy and Physiology.- Pathophysiology.- Renovascular Hypertension.- 4 Pathogenesis of Hypertension: Vascular Mechanisms.- Identification of the Problem.- Morphologic Changes in Hypertension.- Mechanisms Underlying Structural Changes.- Functional Alterations in Hypertension.- 5 Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Hypertension.- 6 Secondary Hypertension: Adrenal and Nervous Systems.- Adrenocortical Causes of Hypertension.- Hypertensive Syndromes Secondary to Hypersecretion of Deoxycorticosterone.- Hypertensive Syndromes Secondary to Cortisol Excess.- Hypertensive Syndromes Secondary to Hypersecretion of Aldosterone.- Pheochromocytoma.- 7 Antihypertensive Agents: Mechanisms of Drug Action.- Individualized Antihypertensive Therapy.- Diuretics.- ß-Blockers.- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors.- Calcium Antagonists.- Other Agents.- Angiotensin II Antagonists.- Metabolic Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs.- Regression of Vascular and Cardiac Hypertrophy.- 8 Recent Therapeutic Trials.- Target Organ Protection.- Trends in Cardiovascular Disease.- Early Trials.- Meta-analysis of Pre-1990 Trials.- Recent Trials (Reported After the JNC-VI Report).- 9 Antihypertensive Therapy: Patient Selection and Special Problems.- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk.- Nonpharmacologic Therapy.- Factors in the Selection of Antihypertensives.- Concomitant Disease and Quality of Life.- 10 Antihypertensive Therapy: Progression of Renal Injury.- Overview.- Epidemiology.- Neurohormonal Responses.- Clinical Considerations.- Experimental Trials with ACE Inhibitors.- Human Clinical Trials.- Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Nondiabetic Renal Disease.- Effects of Drugs on Diabetic Renal Response.- 11 Antihypertensive Therapy: Compliance and Quality of Life.- Background.- Assessment Techniques.- Application to Antihypertensive Therapy.- Clinical Relevance and Sensitivity.- Future Directions.- 12 Special Situations in the Management of Hypertension.- Hypertension in Pregnancy.- Hypertension at the Extremes of Age.- Hypertension at the Extremes of Severity.- Hypertension-causing Drugs.- Specialized Methods of Blood Pressure Measurement.- 13 Recommendations of the Ada and Summary of the JNC and WHO-ISH Special Reports.- Joint National Committee-V.- World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension.- 14 Newer Antihypertensive Agents.- Angiotensin-receptor Antagonists.- Receptor Binding and Pharmacologic Effects.- Selective Aspects of Pharmacology.- Recent Clinical Trials of Angiotensin-receptor Antagonists.- Vasopeptidase Inhibitors.- 15 Accurate and Reliable Blood Pressure Measurement in the Clinic and Home.- History and Significance of Proper Blood Pressure Measurement.- Technique and Equipment.- Cuff Placement and Pulse Detection.- Recording the Pressure and the Auscultatory Gap.- Quality Assurance.