The Major Metaphors of Evolution

<div>Table of Contents</div><div><br></div><div>Chapter 1. Context</div><div><br></div><div>Chapter 2. A Talking Book</div><div>Abstract</div><div>2.1. We are a Fearful Species</div><div>2.1.1. The Complexity Paradox</div><div>2.2. We are a Story-telling Species</div><div>2.2.1. A Story within a Story</div><div>2.3. We are a Dreaming Species</div><div>2.4. Summary</div><div>References</div><div><br></div><div>Chapter 3. Setting the Stage</div><div>Abstract</div><div>3.1. 1859: The Origin Appears</div><div>3.1.1. The Nature of the Organism</div><div>3.1.2. The Nature of the Organism and Darwin's Necessary Misfit</div><div>3.1.3. Natural Selection Emerges from Darwin’s Necessary Misfit and the Nature</div><div>of the Conditions</div><div>3.1.4. What Happens if the Conditions Change?</div><div>3.1.5. Natural Selection as a Blunt Instrument: Survival of the Adequate or</div><div>Survival of the Fittest Collective</div><div>3.2. Darwinian Evolution: The Law of the Conditions of Existence</div><div>3.3. Two Powerful Visual Metaphors</div><div>3.3.1. The Tree of Life</div><div>3.3.2. The Entangled Bank</div><div>3.4. What was Wrong with Darwinism?</div>3.4.1. Naturalism<div>3.4.2. Modernism</div><div>3.4.3. Romanticism</div><div>3.5. Organized Resistance</div><div>3.5.1. The Geographers</div><div>3.5.2. The Orthogeneticists</div><div>3.5.3. The Neo-Lamarckians</div><div>3.5.4. The Neo-Darwinians and the Rise of "Survival of the Fittest"</div><div>3.6 Summary</div><div>References</div><div><br></div><div>Chapter 4. Neo-Darwinism, Expansion and Consolidation (1900-1980)</div><div>4.1. Low Hanging Fruit: The Geographers</div><div>4.1.1. Speciation by Reinforcement</div><div>4.1.2. Peripatric Speciation plus Reinforcement</div><div>4.1.3. Changing the Nature of Species</div><div>4.1.4. Yes, but</div><div>4.2. The Big Enchilada: Pan-adaptationism</div><div>4.2.1. Mathematics</div><div>4.2.2. Yes, but</div><div>4.3. Co-opting Orthogenetic Adaptationism</div><div>4.4. Act 2: The Hardened Synthesis (1959-1980)</div>4.4.1. Absorbing the Final Holdout: Co-opting Coevolution<div>4.5. Reinforcing the Cornerstones</div><div>4.5.1. Speciation</div><div>4.5.2. Species</div><div>4.5.3. Adaptationism and the Hardened Synthesis</div><div>4.6. The Hardened Synthesis and Ecology: The Rise of Evolutionary Ecology</div><div>4.6.1. Geography as a Proxy for History</div><div>4.6.2. Geography as a Means of Eliminating the Confounding Effects of History</div><div>4.7. The Hardened Synthesis and Ethology: Behavioral Ecology Emerges</div><div>4.8. Yeah, but</div><div>4.8.1. Genetic Drift and Shifting Balance</div><div>4.8.2. Epigenetic Landscapes</div><div>4.9. Summary</div><div>References</div><div><br></div><div>Chapter 5. Criticism, Resistance, a Glimmer of Hope</div><div>Abstract</div><div>5.1. The Return of History</div><div>5.1.1. The Phylogenetics Revolution</div><div>5.1.2. Speciation</div><div>5.1.3. Species</div><div>5.1.4. The Orthogeneticists Return: Co-speciation</div><div>5.1.5. Adaptationism Questioned</div><div>5.1.6. The Return of History to Comparative Biology</div><div>5.2. Evolution meets Complex Systems Analysis</div><div>5.2.1. A Complex Systems View of the Nature of the Organism</div><div>5.2.2. A Complex Systems View of Microevolution and Macroevolution</div><div>5.2.3. Niches and Niche Construction</div><div>5.3. Extending the Hardened Synthesis</div><div>5.3.1. Renewed Interest in Galtonian Comparative Biology</div><div>5.3.2. Evolutionary Ecology</div><div>5.4. Why does the Hardened Synthesis Still Exist, and is even being Extended?</div><div>5.5. Back to the Future</div><div>5.5.1. Eldredge and Salthe (1984)</div><div>5.5.2. Brooks and Wiley (1986, 1988)</div><div>5.5.3. Maynard Smith and Szathmary (1995)</div><div>5.6. Summary</div><div>References</div><div><br></div><div>Chapter 6. Buying Time</div><div>Abstract</div><div>6.1. Becoming Alive: From Non-life to Life</div>6.2. Staying Alive: The First Rule of Life<div>6.3. Being Evolvable: The Second Rule of Life</div><div>6.3.1. Slow Down and Live: It's the Fluxes (diS), not the Flows (deS)</div><div>6.3.2. Keeping it Affordable</div><div>6.3.3. Intimate Details of Inheritance Dynamics</div><div>6.3.4. An Information View of Evolvable Life</div><div>6.3.5. Temporal Dynamics of Biological Information</div><div>6.4. Summary</div><div>References</div><div><br></div><div>Chapter 7. Making Space</div><div>Abstract</div><div>7.1. The Nature of the Organism: Capacity Space</div><div>7.2. Evolvable Space-Time: An Integrated View of the Nature of the Organism</div><div>7.3. The Nature of the Conditions: Opportunity Space</div><div>7.3.1. Capacity meets Opportunity: Fitness Space</div><div>7.4. Coping with Conflict</div><div>7.4.1. The Means: Ecological Fitting</div><div>7.4.2. The Opportunity: Ecological Fitting in Sloppy Fitness Space</div><div>7.5. Summary</div><div>References</div><div><br></div><div>Chapter 8. Conflict Resolution</div><div>Abstract</div><div>8.1. Compensatory Changes: Diversifying Your Portfolio</div><div>8.2. Cohesion: Making Distinctions</div><div>8.3. Visualizing Conflict Resolution</div><div>8.4. The Meaning of Conflict: Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder</div>8.4.1. Intention in Biological Signals: The Sender<div>8.4.2. Meaning in Biological Signals: The Receiver</div><div>8.5. Fitness Space: A Complex Mix of Signals and Messages</div><div>8.6. The Nature of Selection</div><div>8.7. Summary</div><div>References</div><div><br></div>Chapter 9. Evolutionary Transitions<div>9.1. Phylogenetic Analysis as a Reflection of the Dynamics of Conflict Resolution</div><div>9.2. An Initial Taxonomy of Transitions</div><div>9.2.1. Maynard Smith and Szathmary: What is the Limiting Factor?</div><div>9.2.2. Queller: How are the Participants Related?</div><div>9.2.3. Brooks and McLennan: What is the Degree of Difficulty?</div>9.3. Some Sagas<div>9.3.1. Making a Living</div><div>9.3.2. Origins of Herbivory</div><div>9.3.3. The "Conquest of Land"</div><div>9.3.4. Filling Niches or the Nature of the Organism?</div><div>9.3.5. Transitions in Context</div><div>9.4. Summary</div><div>References</div><div><br></div><div>Chapter 10. The Stockholm Paradigm</div><div>Abstract</div><div>10.1. Altered Geographical Fitness Space: Taxon Pulses</div><div>10.2. Altered Functional Fitness Space: The Oscillation Hypothesis</div><div>10.3. Integrating Spatial and Functional Oscillations: The Stockholm Paradigm</div>10.4. Coping with Uncertainty<div>10.5. Summary</div><div>References</div><div><br></div><div>Chapter 11. Putting Evolution to Work</div><div>Abstract</div><div>11.1. Ecosystems: A Paradox</div><div>11.1.1. Debunking the Butterfly Effect</div><div>11.2. Us: A New View of "The Commons"</div><div>11.2.1. The Myth of Control - Why Domestication is not the Answer</div><div>11.2.2. The Laws of Biotics</div><div>11.3. Changing from "Conservation and Restoration" to "Encouraging the Exploration of</div><div>Evolutionary Potential"</div><div>11.3.1. What Lessons about Survival can we Learn by Studying what is</div>happening Today?<div>11.3.2. Being Proactive about Emerging Infectious Disease</div><div>11.3.3. A Specter Returns</div><div>11.4. Summary</div><div>References</div>