Oxidative Stress.- Tobacco Smoke Constituents Affecting Oxidative Stress.- Oxidative Modifications of Proteins and Lipids by Cigarette Smoke (CS). A Central Role for Unsaturated Aldehydes in CS-Mediated Airway Inflammation.- Cigarette Smoke-Induced Redox Signaling and Gene Expression in In Vitro and In Vivo Models.- Redox Effects of Cigarette Smoke in Lung Inflammation.- Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.- Modulation of Cigarette Smoke Effects by Diet and Antioxidants.- Modulation of Cigarette Smoke Effects by Antioxidants: Oxidative Stress and Degenerative Diseases.- Smoking Depletes Vitamin C: Should Smokers Be Recommended to Take Supplements?.- Experimental In Vitro Exposure Methods for Studying the Effects of Inhalable Compounds.- Oxidative Stress in Laboratory Animals Exposed to Cigarette Smoke, with Special Reference to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.- Pulmonary Effects of Cigarette Smoke in Humans.- Smoking and Oxidative Stress: Vascular Damage.- Nrf2: a Transcription Factor that Modifies Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Oxidative Stress and Emphysema.- Tobacco Smoke and Skin Aging.- Cigarette Smoke and Oxidative DNA Modification.