Chapter 1. The History and Frequency of Hemorrhoids.- 1.The History of Hemorrhoids.- 1) The Classical Times, Middle Ages, and the Renaissance.- 2) Hemorrhoid surgery in 18th century, ligation, and the era of simple resection.- 3) Hemorrhoid surgery in the nineteenth century.- 4) The development of twentieth-century hemorrhoid surgery.- 5) A conservative remedy for hemorrhoids.- 2. The incidence of haemorrhoids.- Chapter 2. The Anatomy of the Anus.- 1. Anatomy related to hemorrhoids.- 1) The mucosa and upper epithelium of the anus.- 2) Treitz’s muscle.- 3) Internal sphincter.- 4) Conjoined longitudinal muscle.- 5) The external anal sphincter.- 6) The levator ani and pelvic floor muscles.- 7) The levator ani tunnel.- 8) The hiatal ligament.- Chapter 3. The Etiology of Hemorrhoids.- 1. What are hemorrhoids?.- 1) The varicose vein theory.- 2) The vascular hyperplasia theory.- 3) The theory of internal anal sphincter over activity.- 4) The sliding anal lining (cushion) theory.- 2. Causative factors of hemorrhoids.- Chapter 4. Diagnosis of hemorrhoids.- 1. Diagnostic sequences for hemorrhoids (anus).- 2. The posture for examination.- 3. The practice of diagnosis.- 4. Differential Diagnosis.- Chapter 5. Indications for Hemorrhoid Treatment.- 1. Types of Hemorrhoid.- 2. Indications of Hemorrhoid Surgery.- Chapter 6. Non-surgical treatment of hemorrhoids.- Chapter 7. Lift-up Submucosal Hemorrhoidectomy.- Chapter 8. Famous Hemorrhoid Surgical Operations.- 1. Parks’ submucosal hemorrhoidectomy.- 2. Ligation and excision by Sumikoshi Yukio.- 3. Dakano’s anoderm-preserving hemorrhoidectomy.- 4. Closed hemorrhoidectomy.- 5. Whitehead Surgery.- 6. Hemorrhoid surgery, using a circular stapler (PPH).- Chapter 9. Day Case Hemorrhoidectomy.- 1. Preoperative Considerations.- 2. Considerations for anesthesia.- Chapter 10. Preoperative and postoperative management.- 1. Preoperative management.- 2. Monitoring during the operation.- 3. Postoperative management.- 4. Critical Pathway.- 5. Day surgery.- 6. Outpatients treatment.- Chapter 11: Contraindications for hemorrhoidectomy.- Chapter 12: Special cases of hemorrhoids.- 1. Thrombotic external hemorrhoids.- 2. Incarcerated Hemorrhoids.- 3. Hemorrhoids in pregnancy.- 4. Hemorrhoids in portal hypertension.- 5. Hemorrhoids in IBD.- 6. Hemorrhoids in leukemia.- 7. Others.- Chapter 13: Anesthesia for anal surgery.- 1. Local Anesthesia.- 2. Spinal Anesthesia.- 3. Caudal block.- 4. Epidural Anesthesia.- 5. General anesthesia.
