I - Models and Data.- 1. Data, Data Everywhere, Nor Any Drop to Drink.- 2. The Trials and Tribulations of Modeling and Measuring in Surface Water Hydrology.- 3. Hydrological Processes in GCMs.- 4. The Challenges We Face: Panel Discussion on Data and Models (Moderated by Keith Beven and Robert Dickinson).- 5. Participant Opinion Survey: How Satisfied Are We with Hydrologic Data?.- II - Precipitation.- 6. The Measurement of Rainfall.- 7. Modeling of Heavy Rainfall.- 8. Capabilities of Microwave Sensors for Monitoring Areal Extent and Physical Properties of the Snowpack.- 9. The Challenges We Face: Panel Discussion on Precipitation (Moderated by David Legates and David Goodrich).- 10. The Question of Priorities in Rainfall Information and Data: A Minority Viewpoint?.- 11. The Challenges We Face: Panel Discussion on Snow (Moderated by Barry Goodison and Roni Avissar).- III - Soil Moisture.- 12. Process Heterogeneity and Scale in Modeling Soil Moisture Fluxes.- 13. Approaches for Measuring and Modeling Soil Moisture.- 14. Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture.- 15. Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture and Moisture-Related Parameters by Means of Microwave Radiometry: Instruments, Data, Examples of Applications in Hydrology.- 16. The Challenges We Face: Panel Discussion on Soil Moisture (Moderated by Jens Refsgaard and Darà Entekhabi).- IV - Evapotranspiration.- 17. Areal Evaporation from Satellite Thermal Infrared Data.- 18. Hydrological Models, Regional Evaporation, and Remote Sensing: Let’s Start Simple and Maintain Perspective.- 19. Estimating Areal Evaporation Using Multispectral Satellite Observations.- 20. The Challenges We Face: Panel Discussion on Evapotranspiration (Moderated by Bernard Seguin and Susan Moran).- V - Runoff.- 21. Streamflow Measurement forthe 21st Century.- 22. Model and Data Requirements for Simulation of Runoff and Land Surface Processes.- 23. Runoff and Riverflow Measurements.- 24. The Challenges We Face: Panel Discussion on Runoff (Moderated by Jene Michaud and Francois De Troch).