Dedication 1. Dr. Wim G. Sombroek, H. van Baren; Dedication 2. Thanks, Wim, R.W. Arnold; Foreword - A Few Words about Wim Sombroek, C.C. Mann; 1 Discovery and Study of Amazonian Dark Earths: The PreSombroek Period (1870-1959), W.I. Woods and W.M. Denevan; 2 PreEuropean Continuity and Change in the Central Amazon, L. Rebellato and W.I. Woods; 3 Phytoliths and Terra Preta: The Hatahara Site Example, S.R. Bozarth, E.G. Neves , W.I. Woods , L. Cascon, and C. Caromano; 4 Anthropogenic Dark Earths of the Central Amazon Region: Remarks on their Evolution and Polygenetic Composition, M. Arroyo-Kalin, E.G. Neves, W.I. Woods; 5 Steps Towards an Ecology of Landscape: The Pedo-Stratigraphy of Anthropogenic Dark Earths, M. Arroyo-Kalin; 6 An Assessment of the Cultural Practices Behind the Formation (Or Not) of Anthropogenic Dark Earth in Marajó Island Archaeological Sites, D.P. Schaan, D.C. Kern, and F.J.L. Frazão; 7 Kayapo Savanna Management: Fire, Soils, and Forest Islands in a Threatened Biome, S.B. Hecht; 8 AmerIndian Anthrosols: Amazonian Dark Earth Formation in the Upper Xingu, M.J. Schmidt and M.J. Heckenberger; 9 Indigenous Knowledge about Terra Preta Formation, C. Steiner, W.G. Teixeira, W.I. Woods, and W. Zech; 10 Sweep and Char and the Creation of Amazonian Dark Earths in Homegardens, A.M.G.A. WinklerPrins; 11 Pedology, Fertility, and Biology of Central Amazonian Dark Earths, N.P.S. Falcão, C.R. Clement, S.M. Tsai, and N.B. Comerford; 12 Historical Ecology and Dark Earths in Whitewater and Blackwater Environments: Comparing the Middle Madeira and Lower Negro Rivers, J.Fraser, T. Cardoso, A. Junqueira, N.P.S. Falcão, and C.R. Clement; 13 Amazonian Dark Earths in Africa? J. Fairhead and M. Leach; 14 The Microbial World of Terra Preta, S.M. Tsai, B. O’Neill, F.S. Cannavan, D. Saito, N.P.S. Falcão, D. Kern, J. Grossman, and J. Thies; 15 Microbial Response to Charcoal Amendments and Fertilization of a Highly Weathered Tropical Soil, J.J. Birk, C. Steiner, W.C. Teixeira, W. Zech, and B. Glaser; 16 Effects of Charcoal as Slow Release Nutrient Carrier on N-P-K Dynamics and Soil Microbial Population: Pot Experiments with Ferralsol Substrate, C. Steiner, M. Garcia, and W. Zech; 17 Microbial Population and Biodiversity in Amazonian Dark Earth Soils, M.L.P. Ruivo, C.B. Amarante, L.S. Oliveira, I.C.M. Muniz, D.A.M. Santos; 18 Spectroscopic Characterization of Humic Acids Isolated from Amazonian Dark Earth Soils (Terra Preta de Índio), T.J.F. Cunha, E.H. Novotny, B.E. Madari, L. Martin-Neto, M.O.O. Rezende, L.P. Canellas, and V.M. Benites; 19 Soild-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Humic Acids Extracted from Amazonian Dark Earths (Terra Preta de Índio), E.H. Novotny, T.J. Bonagamba, E.R. Deazevedo, and M.H.B. Hayes; 20 Opening the Black Box: Deciphering Carbon and Nutrient Flows in Terra Preta, G. van Hofwegen, T.W. Kuyper, E. Hoffland, J.A. van den Broek, and G.A. Becx; 21 Locating Ancient Anthropogenic Soils Under Amazonian Tropical Forests Using MODIS Time-Series Analysis, J. Thayn, K. Price, and W.I. Woods; 22 Terra Preta Nova: The Dream of Wim Sombroek, D.C. Kern, M.L.P. Ruivo, and F.J.L. Frazão; 23 Charcoal Making in the Brazilian Amazon: Economic Aspects of Production and Carbon Conversion