Afforestation, Reforestation and Forest Restoration in Arid and Semi-arid Tropics

<p>Foreword<br>Preface<br>Acknowledgement<br>PART 1 TECHNOLOGY<br>Chapter 1  Introduction<br>1.1 The imperative of afforestation and reforestation<br>1.1 Afforestation and reforestation for conservation<br>1.2 Afforestation and reforestation for subsistence economy and livelihoods<br>1.3 Afforestation, reforestation, forest restoration and tree planting<br>1.4 Afforestation for industrial-commercial purposes<br>1.5 The technology of afforestation<br>1.6 Participation of local communities<br>1.7 Constraints in afforestation and reforestation<br>1.8 Constraints specific to arid and semi-arid areas<br>1.9 Costs in afforestation<br>Chapter 2  Nursery Techniques<br>2.1 Establishment of a new nursery<br>2.2 Plant production plan<br>2.3 Planning seasonal activities<br>2.4 Procurement and storage of seeds<br>2.5 Procurement of manure, clay and sand<br>2.6 Procurement and storage of polypots<br>2.7 Filling the polypots<br>2.8 Preparing seedbeds and motherbeds<br>2.9 Sowing seeds in polypots and beds<br>2.10. Transplanting and potting<br>2.11 Irrigating plants in pots and beds<br>2.12 Weeding and cleaning<br>2.13 Protection from insects and pests<br>2.14 Pot turning<br>2.15 Preparing and planting cuttings<br>2.16. Culling, selection and grading<br>2.17 Transportation of plants<br>Chapter 3  Site Selection, Survey and Treatment Plan<br>3.1 Site Selection<br>3.2 Surveying a site using chain &amp; compass<br>3.3 Plain table survey<br>3.4 Tachymetric survey<br>3.5 Advanced automatic surveying equipment<br>3.6 Setting out contours with hydrostatic level<br>3.7 Setting out engineering structures with hsl<br>3.8 Site treatment plan<br>Chapter 4  Fencing Work<br>4.1 Stone wall fence<br>4.2 Ditch-cum-bund fence<br>4.3 Barbed-wire fence<br>4.4 Live-hedge in fencing<br>4.5 Entrance gate and inspection path<br>Chapter 5  Soil-and-Water Conservation Works<br>5.1 Alignment of structures<br>5.2 Digging of contour trench<br>5.3 Digging of v-ditch<br>5.4 Digging of pits<br>5.5 Contour dike-cum-terraces<br>5.6 Bench terraces and gradoni<br>5.7 Contour bunds and contour furrows<br>5.8 Vegetative barriers<br>5.9 Loose-stone checkdams<br>5.10 Stopdams and weirs<br>5.11 Earthen embankments<br>Chapter 6  Planting, Regeneration, Aftercare and Maintenance<br>6.1 Time and season for planting<br>6.2 Transporting plants to pits<br>6.3 The operation of planting<br>6.4 Making of pit-saucers<br>6.5 Beating up casualties<br>6.6 Ensuring continued protection<br>6.7 Replacement of casualties<br>6.8 Removal of weeds<br>6.9 Hoeing the plants<br>6.10 Watering the plants<br>6.11 Fertilising and manuring<br>6.12 Growth of plants<br>6.13 Tending the rootstock<br>6.14 Maintenance of s&amp;wc structures<br>6.15 Plantation maintenance in sand dunes<br>6.16 Long-term maintenance<br>PART 2 MANAGEMENT<br>Chapter 7  Costing and Estimation of Works<br>7.1 Schedule of labour rates<br>7.2 Model treatment plans<br>7.3 Units of measurement and conversion tables<br>Chapter 8  Organizing and Staffing Programmes and Projects<br>8.1 Organisation structure and staffing<br>8.2 Organisational effectiveness<br>Chapter 9  Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation<br>9.1 Planning time-critical activities<br>9.2 Monitoring, evaluation and review<br>9.3 Quality control and work productivity<br>9.4 Recordkeeping and documentation<br>Chapter 10  Ensuring Sustainability<br>10.1 Institutional sustainability<br>10.2 Resource sustainability</p>