Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity

<p>1 Nitrogen Deposition, Critical loads and Biodiversity: Introduction<br>W. Kevin Hicks, Richard Haeuber and Mark A. Sutton </p><p>Part I   Monitoring and modelling atmospheric nitrogen deposition </p><p>2 Progress in Monitoring and Modelling Estimates of Nitrogen Deposition at Local, Regional and Global Scales<br>Frank Dentener, Robert Vet, Robin L. Dennis, Enzai Du, Umesh C. Kulshrestha and Corinne Galy-Lacaux </p><p>3 Gaseous nitrogen emissions from Australian cattle feedlots<br>O. Tom Denmead, Deli Chen, Doug Rowell, Zoe Loh, Julian Hill, Stephanie Muir, David W.T. Griffith, Travis Naylor, Mei Bai, Frances Phillips and Sean  McGinn  </p><p>4 Ammonia Emissions in the US: Assessing the Role of Bi-directional Ammonia Transport using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model<br>Megan L. Gore, Ellen J. Cooter, Robin L. Dennis, Jon E. Pleim and Viney P. Aneja</p><p><p>5 Regional Scale Modelling of the Concentration and Deposition of Oxidised and Reduced Nitrogen in the UK<br>Anthony J. Dore, Małgorzata Werner, Jane R. Hall, Christopher J. Dore, Stephen Hallsworth, Maciej Kryza, Ron I. Smith, Ulrike Dragosits, Y. Sim Tang,  Massimo Vieno and Mark A. Sutton </p><p>6 High Rates of Wet Nitrogen Deposition in China: A Synthesis<br>Enzai Du and Xuejun Liu  </p><p>7 Enrichment of atmospheric ammonia and ammonium in the North China Plain<br>Jianlin Shen, Xuejun Liu, Andreas Fangmeier and Fusuo Zhang</p><p> </p><p>8 Nitrogen Deposition within the Littoral-highlands County of Croatia between 1996 and 2008<br>Ana Alebic-Juretic </p><p>9 Atmospheric Deposition of Reactive Nitrogen in India<br>Umesh Kulshrestha, Monika J. Kulshrestha, Jetta Satyanarayana and Loka Arun K. Reddy  </p><p>10 Dry and Wet Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in West Central Africa<br>Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Claire Delon, Fabien Solmon, Marcellin Adon , Véronique Yoboué , Jonas Mphepya, Jacobus J. Pienaar, Babakar Diop, Luc Sigha, Laouali Dungall, Aristide Akpo, Eric Mougin, Eric Gardrat and Pierre Castera </p><p>11 Interannual Variability of the Atmospheric Nitrogen Budget in West African Dry Savannas<br>Claire Delon, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Marcellin Adon, Catherine Liousse, Aaron Boone, Dominique Serça, Babakar Diop, Aristide Akpo and Eric Mougin </p><p>12 Assessment and Characterisation of the Organic Component of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition<br>Sarah E. Cornell </p><p>13 Wet Deposition of Nitrogen at Different Locations in India<br>P.S.P. Rao, P.D. Safai, Krishnakant Budhavant and V.K. Soni </p><p>Part II Nitrogen impacts on terrestrial and aquatic Ecosystems<br></p><p>14 Factors Affecting Nitrogen Deposition Impacts on Biodiversity: An Overview<br>Roland Bobbink and W. Kevin Hicks </p><p>15 What Happens to Ammonia on Leaf Surfaces?<br>J. Neil Cape </p><p>16 Effects of Nutrient Additions on the Diversity of the Herbaceous-subshrub Layer of a Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado)<br>Thiago R. B. de Mello, Cássia B. R. Munhoz and Mercedes M. C. Bustamante </p><p>17 Leaf Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Release under Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Nitrogen plus Phosphorus Additions in a Savanna in Central Brazil<br>Tamiel K.B. Jacobson and Mercedes M.C. Bustamante </p><p>18 Diversity of the Shrub-tree Layer in a Brazilian Cerrado under Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Nitrogen plus Phosphorus Addition<br>Tamiel K. B. Jacobson and Mercedes M. C. Bustamante  </p><p>19 Model Predictions of Effects of Different Climate Change Scenarios on Species Diversity with or without Management Intervention, Repeated Thinning, for a Site in Central European Russia<br>Larisa G. Khanina, Maxim V. Bobrovsky, Alexander S. Komarov, Vladimir N. Shanin and Sergey S. Bykhovets </p><p>20 Seasonal Changes in Photosynthetic Nitrogen of Tree Species Differing in Leaf Phenology in a South-eastern Brazilian Savanna<br>Sabrina R. Latansio-Aidar, Luciana D. Colleta, Jean P.H.B. Ometto and Marcos P.M. Aidar </p><p>21 Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition can Provide Supplementary Fertilization to Sugar Cane Crops in Venezuela<br>Danilo López-Hernández, Diego Sequera, Oswaldo Vallejo and Carmen Infante </p><p>22 Competition Alters Responses of Juvenile Woody Plants and Grasses to Nitrogen Addition in Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado)<br>Viviane T. Miranda, Mercedes M.C. Bustamante and Alessandra R. Kozovits<br></p><p>23 Pigment Ratios of the Mediterranean Bryophyte Pleurochaete squarrosa Respond to Simulated Nitrogen Deposition<br>Raúl Ochoa-Hueso, Cristina Paradela, M. Esther Pérez-Corona and Esteban Manrique<br> </p><p>24 Calibrating Total Nitrogen Concentration in Lichens with Emissions of Reduced Nitrogen at the Regional Scale<br>P. Pinho, Maria-Amélia Martins-Loução, Cristina Máguas and Cristina Branquinho </p><p>25 The Impact of the Rural Land-use on the Ecological Integrity of the Intermittent Streams of the Mediterranean 2000 Natura Network<br>Cristina Branquinho, Carla Gonzalez, Adelaide Clemente, Pedro Pinho and Otília Correia </p><p>26 Biodiversity of Acid Grasslands in the Atlantic Regions of Europe: The Impact of Nitrogen Deposition<br>Carly J. Stevens, Cecilia Duprè, Edu Dorland, Cassandre Gaudnik, David J.G. Gowing, Albert Bleeker, Martin Diekmann, Didier Alard, Roland Bobbink, David Fowler, Emmanuel Corcket, J. Owen Mountford, Vigdis Vandvik, Per Arild Aarrestad, Serge Muller and Nancy B. Dise. </p><p>27 Effects of Increased Nitrogen Availability in Mediterranean Ecosystems: A Case Study in a Natura 2000 Site in Portugal<br>Teresa Dias, Sandra Chaves, Rogério Tenreiro, Maria Amélia Martins-Loução, Lucy J. Sheppard and Cristina Cruz </p><p>28 Species of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Spores can Indicate Increased Nitrogen Availability in Mediterranean-type Ecosystems<br>Teresa Dias, Sidney Luiz Stürmer, Sandra Chaves, Cátia Fidalgo, Rogério Tenreiro, Patrícia Correia, Luís Carvalho, Maria Amélia Martins-Loução, Lucy J. Sheppard and Cristina Cruz</p><p>29 Nitrogen Biogeochemistry Research at Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, USA: Soils, Biodiversity and Climate Change<br>Frank S. Gilliam</p><p> </p><p>Part III Critical loads and levels approaches and regional upscaling </p><p>30 Development of the critical loads concept and current and potential applications to different regions of the world</p><p>Jean-Paul Hettelingh, Wim de Vries, Maximilian Posch, Gert Jan Reinds, Jaap Slootweg, W. Kevin Hicks</p><p> </p><p>31 Nitrogen Deposition as a Threat to the World’s Protected Areas under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)</p>Albert Bleeker, W. Kevin Hicks, Frank Dentener, James N. Galloway and Jan Willem Erisman<p><p> </p><p>32 How Much is too Much? Nitrogen Critical Loads and Eutrophication and Acidification in Oligotrophic Ecosystems </p><p>William D. Bowman, L’uboš Halada, Juraj Hreško, Cory C. Cleveland, Jill S. Baron and John Murgel</p><p> </p><p>33 Predicting Lichen-based Critical Loads for Nitrogen Deposition in Temperate Forests </p><p>Linda H. Geiser, Sarah E. Jovan, Douglas A. Glavich and Mark E. Fenn</p><p> </p><p>34 Using Fire Risk and Species Loss to set Critical Loads for Nitrogen Deposition in Southern California Shrublands</p><p>Edith B. Allen, Leela E. Rao, Gail Tonnesen, Robert F. Johnson, Mark E. Fenn and Andrzej Bytnerowicz</p><p> </p><p>35 Empirical Critical Loads of Nitrogen in China</p>Lei Duan, Jia Xing, Yu Zhao and Jiming Hao<p><p> </p><p>36 Challenges in Defining Critical Loads for Nitrogen in UK Lakes  </p><p>Chris J. Curtis, Gavin L. Simpson, Rick W. Battarbee and Stephen Maberly</p><p> </p><p>37 Proposing a Strict Epidemiological Methodology for Setting Empirical Critical Loads for Nitrogen Deposition</p><p>Harald Sverdrup, Bengt Nihlgård, Salim Belyazid and Lucy J. Sheppard</p><p>38 A Comparison of Empirical and Modelled Nitrogen Critical Loads for Mediterranean Forests and Shrublands in California </p><p>Mark E. Fenn, Hans-Dieter Nagel, Ina Koseva, Julian Aherne, Sarah E. Jovan, Linda H. Geiser, Angela Schlutow, Thomas Scheuschner, Andrzej Bytnerowicz, Benjamin S. Gimeno, Fengming Yuan, Shaun A. Watmough, Edith B. Allen, Robert F. Johnson and Thomas Meixner</p><p> </p><p>39 Source Attribution of Eutrophying and Acidifying Pollutants on the UK Natura 2000 Network</p>William J. Bealey, Anthony J. Dore, Clare P. Whitfield, Jane R. Hall, Massimo Vieno and Mark A. Sutton<p><p> </p><p>40 Mapping Critical Loads for Nitrogen Based on Biodiversity using ForSAFE-VEG: Introducing the Basic Principles </p><p>Harald Sverdrup, Bengt Nihlgård and Salim Belyazid </p><p> </p><p>Part IV Nitrogen deposition, ecosystem services and policy development</p><p> </p><p>41 Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition on Ecosystem Services in Interaction with Other Nutrients, Air Pollutants and Climate Change</p><p>Wim de Vries, Christine Goodale, Jan Willem Erisman and Jean-Paul Hettelingh</p><p> </p><p>42 The Form of Reactive Nitrogen Deposition Affects the Capacity of Peatland Vegetation to Immobilise Nitrogen: Implications for the Provision of Ecosystem Services </p><p>Lucy J. Sheppard, Ian D. Leith, Sanna K. Kivimaki and Jenny Gaiawyn</p><p> </p><p>43 Quantification of Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition on Forest Ecosystem Services in Europe</p><p>Wim de Vries, Maximilian Posch, Gert Jan Reinds and Jean-Paul Hettelingh</p><p> </p><p>44 Implications of Current Knowledge on Nitrogen Deposition and Impacts for Policy, Management and Capacity Building Needs: CLRTAP</p><p>Till Spranger, Keith Bull, Thomas A. Clair and Matti Johansson </p><p> </p><p>45 The Convention on Biological Diversity: How does Nitrogen fit into the Plans?</p><p>James M. Williams </p><p> </p><p>46 Agriculture and the Nitrogen Problem in India: Environmental Implications</p><p>Krishna P. Vadrevu and K.V.S. Badarinath</p><p> </p>47 Mitigating Increases in Nitrogen Deposition: The Challenge of Extending Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation to Cereals and Other Non-legume Crops<p><p>Edward C. Cocking and Philip J. Stone  </p><p> </p><p>Part V Conclusions and outlook</p><p> </p><p>48 Progress in Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring and Modelling</p><p>Wenche Aas (Chair), Silvina Carou (Rapporteur), Ana Alebic-Juretic, Viney P. Aneja, Rajasekhar Balasubramanian, Haldis Berge, J. Neil Cape, Claire Delon, O. Tom Denmead, Robin L. Dennis, Frank Dentener, Anthony J. Dore, Enzai Du, Maria Cristina Forti, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Markus Geupel, Richard Haeuber, Carmen Iacoban, Alexander S. Komarov, Eero Kubin, Umesh C. Kulshrestha, Brian Lamb, Xuejun Liu, D.D. Patra, Jacobus J. Pienaar, Pedro Pinho, P.S.P. Rao, Jianlin Shen, Mark A. Sutton, Mark R. Theobald, Krishna P. Vadrevu and Robert Vet</p><p> </p><p>49 The Effects of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Terrestrial and Freshwater Biodiversity </p><p>Jill S. Baron (Chair), Mary Barber (Rapporteur), Mark Adams, Julius I. Agboola, Edith B. Allen, William J. Bealey, Roland Bobbink, Maxim V. Bobrovsky, William D. Bowman, Cristina Branquinho, Mercedes M.C. Bustamente, Christopher M. Clark, Edward C. Cocking, Cristina Cruz, Eric Davidson, O. Tom Denmead, Teresa Dias, Nancy B. Dise, Alan Feest, James N. Galloway, Linda H. Geiser,  Frank S. Gilliam, Ian Harrison, Larisa G. Khanina, Xiankai Lu, Esteban Manrique, Raúl Ochoa-Hueso, Jean P.H.B. Ometto, Richard Payne, Thomas Scheuschner, Lucy J. Sheppard, Gavin L. Simpson, Y.V. Singh, Carly J. Stevens, Ian Strachan, Harold Sverdrup, Naoko Tokuchi, Hans van Dobben and Sarah Woodin</p><p> </p><p>50 The Critical Loads and Levels Approach for Nitrogen</p><p>Thomas A. Clair (Chair), Tamara Blett (Co-chair and Rapporteur), Julian Aherne, Marcos P.M. Aidar, Richard Artz, William J. Bealey, William Budd, J. Neil Cape, Chris J. Curtis, Lei Duan, Mark E. Fenn, Peter Groffman, Richard Haeuber, Jane R. Hall, Jean-Paul Hettelingh, Danilo López-Hernández, Scot Mathieson, Linda Pardo, Maximilian Posch, Richard V. Pouyot, Till Spranger, Harald Sverdrup, Hans van Dobben and Arjan van Hinsberg</p><p> </p><p>51 Nitrogen Deposition Effects on Ecosystem Services and Interactions with other Pollutants and Climate Change</p><p>Jan Willem Erisman (Chair), Allison Leach (Rapporteur), Mark Adams,  Julius I. Agboola, Luan Ahmetaj, Didier Alard, Amy Austin, Moses A. Awodun, Simon Bareham, Theresa Bird, Albert Bleeker, Keith Bull, Sarah E. Cornell, Eric Davidson, Wim de Vries, Teresa Dias, Bridget Emmett, Christine Goodale,Tara Greaver, Rick Haeuber, Harry Harmens, W. Kevin Hicks, Lars Hogbom, Paul Jarvis, Matti Johansson, Zoe Masters, Colin McClean, Bill Paton, Tibisay Perez, Jan Plesnik, Nalini Rao, Susanne Schmidt, Yogendra B. Sharma, Naoko Tokuchi, and Clare P. Whitfield </p><p> </p><p>52 Workshop on Nitrogen Deposition, Critical Loads and Biodiversity: Scientific synthesis and summary for policy makers</p><p>W. Kevin Hicks, Richard Haeuber and Mark A. Sutton </p><p>with contributions from Wenche Aas, Silvina Carou, Jill S. Baron, Mary Barber, Thomas Clair, Tamara Blett, Jan Willem Erisman, Allison Leach and James N. Galloway  </p>