Handbook of Textile and Industrial Dyeing

<p>Contributor contact details</p> <p>Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles</p> <p>Part I: General aspects of dyeing</p> <p>Chapter 1: Fundamental principles of dyeing</p> <p>1.1 Introduction</p> <p>1.2 Principles of dyeing</p> <p>1.3 Exhaust dyeing</p> <p>1.4 Continuous dyeing</p> <p>1.5 Printing</p> <p>1.6 Classification systems for dyes</p> <p>1.7 Classification of dyes by dye class</p> <p>1.8 Conclusion</p> <p>Chapter 2: Structure and properties of textile materials</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 Classification and properties of textile fibres</p> <p>2.3 Fibre properties related to textile technology</p> <p>2.4 Classification and properties of basic textile products</p> <p>2.5 Physical chemistry of fibre polymers</p> <p>2.6 Cellulosic fibres</p> <p>2.7 Protein fibres</p> <p>2.8 Man-made fibres</p> <p>Chapter 3: Pre-treatment and preparation of textile materials prior to dyeing</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>3.2 Impurities in textile fibres</p> <p>3.3 Aims of preparatory processes</p> <p>3.4 Preparation of cotton materials</p> <p>3.5 Inspection and mending</p> <p>3.6 Shearing and cropping</p> <p>3.7 Singeing</p> <p>3.8 Enzymatic processing</p> <p>3.9 Desizing process</p> <p>3.10 Scouring of cotton and other cellulosic fibres</p> <p>3.11 Mercerisation</p> <p>3.12 Preparation of proteineous materials</p> <p>3.13 Carbonisation and scouring of wool</p> <p>3.14 Shrink-resist treatment for wool</p> <p>3.15 Degumming of silk</p> <p>3.16 Preparation of synthetic materials</p> <p>3.17 Bleaching</p> <p>3.18 Improvement of whiteness</p> <p>Chapter 4: Chemistry of dyeing</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>4.1 Fundamental principles of direct dyeing</p> <p>4.2 Fundamental principles of reactive dyeing</p> <p>4.3 Fundamental principles of disperse dyeing</p> <p>4.4 Fundamental principles of acid dyeing</p> <p>4.5 Fundamental principles of azoic dyeing</p> <p>4.6 Fundamental principles of vat dyeing</p> <p>4.7 Fundamental principles of sulphur dyeing</p> <p>4.8 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 5: Thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing and dyebath monitoring systems</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 Thermodynamics of dyeing</p> <p>5.3 Kinetics of dyeing</p> <p>5.4 Dyebath monitoring systems</p> <p>5.7 Appendix: mathematical symbols</p> <p>Chapter 6: An overview of dye fastness testing</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 Overview of dye fastness testing</p> <p>6.3 Grading of fastness properties</p> <p>6.4 Factors influencing dye fastness</p> <p>6.5 Application</p> <p>6.6 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 7: Molecular modeling and predicting dye properties</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 Prediction of wavelength of maximum absorption</p> <p>7.3 Effect of crystal packing on λmax</p> <p>7.4 Ab initio calculations of crystal structures</p> <p>7.5 Quantitative-structure activity relationship in dye–fiber affinity prediction</p> <p>Chapter 8: Methods and machinery for the dyeing process</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>8.1 Introduction</p> <p>8.2 Jiggers</p> <p>8.3 Beam dyeing machines</p> <p>8.4 Winches</p> <p>8.5 Jet dyeing machines with hydraulic flow system</p> <p>8.6 Airflow dyeing machines with aerodynamic flow system</p> <p>8.7 Atmospheric softflow/overflow dyeing machines</p> <p>8.8 HT softflow/overflow dyeing machines</p> <p>8.9 Machines to dye fabric in rope/open-width form</p> <p>8.10 Semi-continuous and continuous open-width dyeing machines</p> <p>8.11 Future trends</p> <p>8.13 Appendix: list of machinery manufacturers</p> <p>Part II: Dye types and processes</p> <p>Chapter 9: The chemistry of reactive dyes and their application processes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>9.1 Introduction</p> <p>9.2 The history of reactive dye development</p> <p>9.3 Chemistry of commercially available reactive dyes</p> <p>9.4 The application of reactive dyes to cellulosic fibres</p> <p>9.5 The application of reactive dyes to natural and synthetic polyamide fibres</p> <p>9.6 Miscellaneous methods to covalently bond dyes to fibres</p> <p>9.7 Conclusions</p> <p>Chapter 10: Disperse dyes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>10.1 Introduction</p> <p>10.2 Developments in disperse dyes</p> <p>10.3 Types of disperse dye</p> <p>10.4 Properties of disperse dyes</p> <p>10.5 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 11: Natural dyes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>11.1 Introduction</p> <p>11.2 Classification of natural dyes</p> <p>11.3 Chemistry of natural dyes</p> <p>11.4 Chemistry and types of mordants</p> <p>11.5 Application of mordants to textiles</p> <p>11.6 Application of natural dyes to textiles</p> <p>11.7 Fastness properties of natural dyes</p> <p>11.8 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 12: Direct dyes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>12.1 Introduction</p> <p>12.2 Classification of direct dyes according to dyeing characteristics</p> <p>12.3 Classification based on chemical structure</p> <p>12.4 Bisazine dyes and copper phthalocyanine dyes</p> <p>12.5 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 13: Metal-complex dyes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>13.1 Introduction</p> <p>13.2 General properties</p> <p>13.3 Chemistry of dyes</p> <p>13.4 Classification and nomenclature</p> <p>13.5 Mordant dyes</p> <p>13.6 Premetallised dyes</p> <p>13.7 Fastness of dyed fabrics</p> <p>13.8 The problem of waste water</p> <p>13.9 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 14: Sulphur dyes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>14.1 Introduction</p> <p>14.2 Properties of sulphur dyes</p> <p>14.3 Chemistry of sulphur dyes</p> <p>14.4 Synthesis</p> <p>14.5 Classification of sulphur dyes</p> <p>14.6 Practical application</p> <p>14.7 Reducing systems</p> <p>14.8 Oxidising agents</p> <p>14.9 Bronzing of dyeing</p> <p>14.10 Fastness of dyed textiles</p> <p>14.11 Tendering effect on cellulose</p> <p>14.12 Waste-water load from sulphur dyebath</p> <p>14.13 Strengths and limitations</p> <p>14.14 Stripping of sulphur dyes</p> <p>14.15 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 15: Acid dyes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>15.1 Introduction</p> <p>15.2 Classification of acid dyes</p> <p>15.3 Azo acid dyes</p> <p>15.4 Anthraquinone dyes</p> <p>15.5 Acid nitro dyes</p> <p>15.6 Triphenylmethane acid dyes</p> <p>15.7 Water-repellent dyes</p> <p>15.8 Acid dyes with inherent light fastness</p> <p>15.9 Acid dyes free from 1-naphthylamine</p> <p>15.10 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 16: Environmentally friendly dyes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>16.1 Introduction</p> <p>16.2 Classification of dyes</p> <p>16.3 Environmental issues in dyeing</p> <p>16.4 Environmentally friendly dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes</p> <p>16.5 Alternative reducing systems for the dyeing of cotton with vat and sulphur dyes</p> <p>16.6 Environmentally friendly dyeing of wool</p> <p>16.7 Environmentally friendly dyeing of polyester</p> <p>16.8 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 17: Fluorescent dyes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>17.1 Introduction</p> <p>17.2 Fluorescence</p> <p>17.3 Chemical types of fluorescent dye</p> <p>17.4 Textile applications of fluorescent dyes</p> <p>17.5 Other applications of fluorescent dyes</p> <p>17.6 Future trends</p> <p>17.7 Sources of further information</p> <p>Chapter 18: Near-infrared dyes</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>18.1 Introduction</p> <p>18.2 Properties of near-infrared (NIR) dyes</p> <p>18.3 Types of NIR dyes</p> <p>18.4 Applications</p> <p>18.5 Future trends</p> <p>Chapter 19: Azoic dyeing</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>19.1 Introduction</p> <p>19.2 Advantages and disadvantages of azoic dyeing</p> <p>19.3 Chemistry of azoic dyeing</p> <p>19.4 Colours obtainable using azoic components</p> <p>19.5 Methods for dissolution of naphthol</p> <p>19.6 Naphtholation and dyeing of cotton</p> <p>19.7 Intermediate treatments</p> <p>19.8 Development</p> <p>19.9 After-treatment</p> <p>19.10 Dyeing of silk</p> <p>19.11 Dyeing of polyester</p> <p>19.12 Dyeing of nylon</p> <p>19.13 Fastness properties</p> <p>19.14 Stripping of azoic colours</p> <p>19.15 Environmental issues associated with azoic colours</p> <p>19.16 Conclusion</p> <p>Index</p>