<br>Contributors</br><br>Preface</br><br>1. Discovery of New Macrolides</br><br> I. Introduction</br><br> II. Macrolides from Actinomycetes</br><br> III. Macrolides from Bacteria Including Myxobacteria</br><br> IV. Macrolides from Fungi</br><br> V. Macrolides from Plants and Lichens</br><br> VI. Macrolides from Insects</br><br> VII. Other Macrolides</br><br> VIII. Concluding Remarks</br><br> References</br><br>2. Discovery of New Macrolides from Marine Organisms</br><br> I. Introduction</br><br> II. Macrocyclic Lactones of Marine Organism Origin</br><br> III. Concluding Remarks</br><br> References</br><br>3. Chemical Modification of Macrolides</br><br> I. Introduction</br><br> II. Fourteen-Membered Macrolides</br><br> III. Sixteen-Membered Macrolide Antibiotics and the Avermectin Family</br><br> IV. Concluding Remarks</br><br> References</br><br>4. Total Synthesis of Macrolides</br><br> I. Introduction</br><br> II. Synthetic Strategy for Macrolide Synthesis</br><br> III. Total Synthesis of Selected Macrolides</br><br> IV. Concluding Remarks</br><br> References</br><br>5. Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Genetics of Macrolide Production</br><br> I. Introduction</br><br> II. Reaction Mechanism of Polyketide Biosynthesis</br><br> III. Polyketide Synthase</br><br> IV. Genes Encoding Modular Polyketide Synthase</br><br> V. Sugar Biosynthesis</br><br> VI. Genetic Manipulation of PKS Genes</br><br> References</br><br>6. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Macrolides</br><br> I. Introduction</br><br> II. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism</br><br> III. Drug Interaction</br><br> IV. Concluding Remarks</br><br> References</br><br>7. Antimicrobial Macrolides in Clinical Practice</br><br> I. Introduction</br><br> II. Fourteen- and Fifteen-Membered Macrolides</br><br> III. Sixteen-Membered Macrolides</br><br> IV. Concluding Remarks</br><br> References</br><br>8. Ivermectin in Clinical Practice</br><br> I. Introduction</br><br> II. Novel Activity of Ivermectin in Clinical Practice</br><br> III. Concluding Remarks</br><br> References</br><br>9. Tacrolimus and Other Immunosuppressive Macrolides in Clinical Practice</br><br> I. Introduction</br><br> II. Tacrolimus, a Brief Developmental History</br><br> III. Novel Activity of Tacrolimus and Other Immunosuppressive Macrolides in Clinical Practice</br><br> IV. Concluding Remarks</br><br> References</br><br>10. Mode of Action and Resistance Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Macrolides</br><br> I. Introduction</br><br> II. Mode of Action of Macrolide Antibiotics</br><br> III. Mechanisms of Resistance to Antimicrobial Macrolides</br><br> IV. Important Developments in Macrolide Antibiotics</br><br> V. Concluding Remarks</br><br> VI. Addendum</br><br> References</br><br>11. Mode of Action of Macrolides with Motilin Agonistic Activity--Motilides</br><br> I. Introduction</br><br> II. Mode of Action of Motilin</br><br> III. Invention of Motilides</br><br> IV. BiologicalActivity of Motilides</br><br> V. Clinical Trials of Motilides</br><br> VI. Concluding Remarks</br><br> References</br><br>12. Novel Activity of Erythromycin and Its Derivatives</br><br> I. Erythromycin Treatment in Diffuse Panbronchiolitis</br><br> II. Inhibition of Chloride Channel</br><br> III. Effects of Macrolides on Cytokine/Chemokine Expression</br><br> IV. Modulation of Bacterial Function</br><br> V. New Challenge for Novel Action</br><br> References</br><br>13. Mode of Action of Avermectin</br><br> I. Introduction</br><br> II. Target of Avermectin Action</br><br> III. Cloning and Structure of Avermectin Binding Protein</br><br> IV. Concluding Remarks</br><br> References</br><br>14. Mode of Action of FK506 and Rapamycin</br><br> I. Introduction</br><br> II. Initial Cellular Target for FK506 and Rapamycin; Peptidyl Prolylcis-trans Isomerases (Rotamases, Immunophilins)</br><br> III. Target of FK506-FKBP12 Complex: Calcineurin</br><br> IV. Target of Rapamycin-FKBP12 Complex: mTOR/FRAP/RFAT</br><br> V. Intervention of Intracellular Signaling Pathways by FK506 and Rapamycin</br><br> References</br><br>Index</br>