Student Study Guide and Selected Solutions Manual for Hill's Chemistry for Changing Times

<h2>Table of Contents</h2> <div class="c-non-traditional-number-list_container"> <ol> <li>Chemistry <ul> <li>1.1 Science and Technology: The Roots of Knowledge</li> <li>1.2 Science: Reproducible, Testable, Tentative, Predictive, and Explanatory</li> <li>1.3 Science and Technology: Risks and Benefit</li> <li>1.4 Solving Society’s Problems: Scientific Research</li> <li>1.5 Chemistry: A Study of Matter and Its Changes</li> <li>1.6 Classification of Matter</li> <li>1.7 The Measurement of Matter</li> <li>1.8 Density</li> <li>1.9 Energy: Heat and Temperature</li> <li>1.10 Critical Thinking</li> </ul></li> <li>Atoms <ul> <li>2.1 Atoms: Ideas from the Ancient Greeks</li> <li>2.2 Scientific Laws: Conservation of Mass and Definite Proportions</li> <li>2.3 John Dalton and the Atomic Theory of Matter</li> <li>2.4 The Mole and Molar Mass</li> <li>2.5 Mendeleev and the Periodic Table</li> <li>2.6 Atoms and Molecules: Real and Relevant</li> </ul></li> <li>Atomic Structure <ul> <li>3.1 Electricity and the Atom</li> <li>3.2 Serendipity in Science: X-Rays and Radioactivity</li> <li>3.3 Three Types of Radioactivity</li> <li>3.4 Rutherford’s Experiment: The Nuclear Model of the Atom</li> <li>3.5 The Atomic Nucleus</li> <li>3.6 Electron Arrangement: The Bohr Model (Orbits)</li> <li>3.7 Electron Arrangement: The Quantum Model (Orbitals/Subshells)</li> <li>3.8 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table</li> </ul></li> <li>Chemical Bonds <ul> <li>4.1 The Art of Deduction: Stable Electron Configurations</li> <li>4.2 Lewis (Electron-Dot) Symbols</li> <li>4.3 The Reaction of Sodium with Chlorine</li> <li>4.4 Using Lewis Symbols for Ionic Compounds</li> <li>4.5 Formulas and Names of Binary Ionic Compounds</li> <li>4.6 Covalent Bonds: Shared Electron Pairs</li> <li>4.7 Unequal Sharing: Polar Covalent Bonds</li> <li>4.8 Polyatomic Molecules: Water, Ammonia, and Methane</li> <li>4.9 Polyatomic Ions</li> <li>4.10 Guidelines for Drawing Lewis Structures</li> <li>4.11 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Theory</li> <li>4.12 Shapes and Properties: Polar and Nonpolar Molecules</li> </ul></li> <li>Chemical Accounting <ul> <li>5.1 Chemical Sentences: Equations</li> <li>5.2 Volume Relationships in chemical Equations</li> <li>5.3 Avogadro’s Number and the Names</li> <li>5.4 Molar Mass: Mole-to-Mass and Mass-to-Mole Conversions</li> <li>5.5 Solutions</li> </ul></li> <li>Gases, Liquids, Solids…and Intermolecular Forces <ul> <li>6.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases</li> <li>6.2 Comparing Ionic and Molecular Substances</li> <li>6.3 Forces between Molecules</li> <li>6.4 Forces in Solutions</li> <li>6.5 Gases: The Kinetic-Molecular Theory</li> <li>6.6 The Simple Gas Laws</li> <li>6.7 The Ideal Gas Law</li> </ul></li> <li>Acids and Bases <ul> <li>7.1 Acids and Bases: Experimental Definitions</li> <li>7.2 Acids, Bases, and Salts</li> <li>7.3 Acidic and Basic Anhydrides</li> <li>7.4 Strong and Weak Acids and Bases</li> <li>7.5 Neutralization</li> <li>7.6 The pH Scale</li> <li>7.7 Buffers and Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs</li> <li>7.8 Acids and Bases in Industry and in Daily Life</li> </ul></li> <li>Oxidation and Reduction <ul> <li>8.1 Oxidation and Reduction: Four Views</li> <li>8.2 Oxidizing and Reducing Agents</li> <li>8.3 Electrochemistry: Cells and Batteries</li> <li>8.4 Corrosion and Explosion</li> <li>8.5 Oxygen: An Abundant and Essential Oxidizing Agent</li> <li>8.6 Some Common Reducing Agents</li> <li>8.7 Oxidation, Reduction, and Living Things</li> </ul></li> <li>Organic Chemistry <ul> <li>9.1 Organic Chemistry and Compounds</li> <li>9.2 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons</li> <li>9.3 Aromatic Compounds: Benzene and Its Relatives</li> <li>9.4 Halogenated Hydrocarbons: Many Uses, Some Hazards</li> <li>9.5 Functional and Alkyl Groups</li> <li>9.6 Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Thiols</li> <li>9.7 Aldehydes and Ketones</li> <li>9.8 Carboxylic Acids and Esters</li> <li>9.9 Nitrogen-Containing Compounds: Amines and Amides</li> </ul></li> <li>Polymers <ul> <li>10.1 Polymerization: Making Big Ones Out of Little Ones</li> <li>10.2 Polyethylene: From the Battle of Britain to Bread Bags</li> <li>10.3 Addition Polymerization: One + One + One + … Gives One!</li> <li>10.4 Rubber and Other Elastomers</li> <li>10.5 Condensation Polymers</li> <li>10.6 Properties of Polymers</li> <li>10.7 Plastics and the Environment</li> </ul></li> <li>Nuclear Chemistry <ul> <li>11.1 Natural Radioactivity</li> <li>11.2 Nuclear Equations</li> <li>11.3 Half-Life and Radioisotopic Dating</li> <li>11.4 Artificial Transmutation</li> <li>11.5 Uses of Radioisotopes</li> <li>11.6 Penetrating Power of Radiation</li> <li>11.7 Energy from the Nucleus</li> <li>11.8 Nuclear Bombs</li> <li>11.9 Uses and Consequences of Nuclear Energy</li> </ul></li> <li>Chemistry of Earth <ul> <li>12.1 Spaceship Earth: Structure and Composition</li> <li>12.2 Silicates and the Shapes of Things</li> <li>12.3 Carbonates: Caves, Chalk, and Limestone</li> <li>12.4 Metals and Their Ores</li> <li>12.5 Salts and “Table Salt”</li> <li>12.6 Gemstones and Semi-Precious Stones</li> <li>12.7 Earth’s Dwindling Resources</li> </ul></li> <li>Air <ul> <li>13.1 Earth’s Atmosphere: Divisions and Composition</li> <li>13.2 Chemistry of the Atmosphere</li> <li>13.3 Pollution through the Ages</li> <li>13.4 Automobile Emissions</li> <li>13.5 Photochemical Smog: Making Haze While the Sun Shines</li> <li>13.6 Acid Rain: Air Pollution Water Pollution</li> <li>13.7 The Inside Story: Indoor Air Pollution</li> <li>13.8 Stratospheric Ozone: Earth’s Vital Shield</li> <li>13.9 Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change</li> <li>13.10 Who Pollutes? Who Pays?</li> </ul></li> <li>Water <ul> <li>14.1 Water: Some Unique Properties</li> <li>14.2 Water in Nature</li> <li>14.3 Organic Contamination; Human and Animal Waste</li> <li>14.4 The World’s Water Crisis</li> <li>14.5 Tap Water and Government Standards for Drinking Water</li> <li>14.6 Water Consumption: Who Uses It and How Much?</li> <li>14.7 Making Water Fit to Drink</li> <li>14.8 Wastewater Treatment</li> </ul></li> <li>Energy <ul> <li>15.1 Our Sun, a Giant Nuclear Power Plant</li> <li>15.2 Energy and Chemical Reactions</li> <li>15.3 Reaction Rates</li> <li>15.4 The Laws of Thermodynamics</li> <li>15.5 Fuels and Energy: People, Horses, and Fossils</li> <li>15.6 Coal: The Carbon Rock of Ages</li> <li>15.7 Natural Gas and Petroleum</li> <li>15.8 Convenient Energy</li> <li>15.9 Nuclear Energy</li> <li>15.10 Renewable Energy Sources</li> </ul></li> <li>Biochemistry <ul> <li>16.1 Energy and the Living Cell</li> <li>16.2 Carbohydrates: A Storehouse of Energy</li> <li>16.3 Carbohydrates in the Diet</li> <li>16.4 Fats and Other Lipids</li> <li>16.5 Fats and Cholesterol</li> <li>16.6 Proteins: Polymers of Amino Acids</li> <li>16.7 Structure and Function of Proteins</li> <li>16.8 Protein in the Diet</li> <li>16.9 Nucleic Acids: Parts, Structure, and Function</li> <li>16.10 RNA: Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code</li> <li>16.11 The Human Genome</li> </ul></li> <li>Nutrition, Fitness, and Health <ul> <li>17.1 Calories: Quality and Quantity</li> <li>17.2 Minerals</li> <li>17.3 Vitamins</li> <li>17.4 Fiber, Electrolytes, and Water</li> <li>17.5 Food Additives</li> <li>17.6 Starvation and Malnutrition</li> <li>17.7 Weight Loss, Diet, and Exercise</li> <li>17.8 Fitness and Muscle</li> </ul></li> <li>Drugs <ul> <li>18.1 Drugs from Nature and the Laboratory</li> <li>18.2 Pain Relievers: From Aspirin to Oxycodone</li> <li>18.3 Drugs and Infectious Diseases</li> <li>18.4 Chemicals against Cancer</li> <li>18.5 Hormones: The Regulators</li> <li>18.6 Drugs for the Heart</li> <li>18.7 Drugs and the Mind</li> <li>18.8 Drugs and Society</li> </ul></li> <li>Chemistry Down on the Farm <ul> <li>19.1 Growing Food with Fertilizers</li> <li>19.2 The War against Pests</li> <li>19.3 Herbicides and Defoliants</li> <li>19.4 Sustainable Agriculture</li> <li>19.5 Looking to the Future: Feeding a Growing, Hungry World</li> </ul></li> <li>Household Chemicals <ul> <li>20.1 Cleaning with Soap</li> <li>20.2 Synthetic Detergents</li> <li>20.3 Laundry Auxiliaries: Softeners and Bleaches</li> <li>20.4 All-Purpose and Special-Purpose Cleaning Products</li> <li>20.5 Solvents, Paints, and Waxes</li> <li>20.6 Cosmetics: Personal-Care Chemicals</li> </ul></li> <li>Poisons <ul> <li>21.1 Natural Poisons</li> <li>21.2 Poisons and How They Act</li> <li>21.3 More Chemistry of the Nervous System</li> <li>21.4 The Lethal Dose</li> <li>21.5 The Liver as a Detox Facility</li> <li>21.6 Carcinogens and Teratogens</li> <li>21.7 Hazardous Wastes</li> </ul></li> </ol> </div>