<p>Part 1: Fundamentals of the Spine<br>1. History of Spine Surgery<br>2. History of Spine Biomechanics<br>3. History of Spinal Instrumentation: The Modern Era<br>4. Functional Anatomy of the Spine<br>5. Biomechanical Modeling of the Spine<br>6. The Intervertebral Disc: Anatomy, Pathophysiology, and Aging<br>7. Muscles and the Spine: Dynamic Stabilization<br>8. Bone Physiology and Osteoporosis<br>9. Applied Anatomy of the Thoracolumbar Spine<br>10. Fundamentals of Spinal Alignment and Balance<br>11. Applied Anatomy of the Spinal Cord<br>12. Molecular and Anatomic Mechanisms of Nerve Root, Spinal Nerve, and Peripheral Nerve Injury<br>13. Spine Fusion: Biology and Biomechanics<br>14. Implant Attributes: Cantilever Beam Fixation<br>15. Biomechanics and Implant Materials: The Anterior Column<br>16. Biomechanics of Motion Preservation Techniques<br>17. Complications in Spine Surgery: Expected Rates and Classification<br><br>Part 2: Pathophysiology of Spinal Disorders<br>18. Spinal Cord Dysraphism and Myelodysplasia<br>19. Congenital Spinal Deformity<br>20. Early Onset Scoliosis<br>21. Late-Onset Idiopathic Scoliosis<br>22. Scheuermann Disease<br>23. Developmental Spondylolisthesis<br>24. Craniovertebral Junction Deformities<br>25. Developmental Deformity in the Cervical Spine<br>26. Tarlov Cysts<br>27. Dural and Meningeal Pathologies<br>28. Chiari Malformations and Syringomyelia<br>29. Pathophysiology of Cervical Spondylosis, Radiculopathy, and Myelopathy<br>30. Pathophysiology of Thoracic Spondylosis, Radiculopathy, and Myelopathy<br>31. Pathophysiology of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Pain<br>32. Deformity in the Cervical Spine<br>33. Adult Degenerative Scoliosis<br>34. Lumbar Spondylolisthesis<br>35. Occipitocervical Injuries<br>36. Subaxial Cervical Spine Injuries<br>37. Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injuries<br>38. Peripheral Nerve Injury<br>39. Spinal Cord Injury<br>40. Spinal Injuries in Sports<br>41. Rheumatoid Arthritis<br>42. Ankylosing Spondylitis and Related Disorders<br>43. Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament<br>44. Primary Infections of the Spine<br>45. Secondary Infections of the Spine<br>46. Primary Tumors of the Spine<br>47. Metastatic Tumors of the Spine<br>48. Intradural Extramedullary Spine Tumors<br>49. Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions<br>50. Brachial Plexus Tumors Extending into the Cervicothoracic Spine<br>51. Spinal Disorders Associated with Connective Tissue Disorders<br>52. Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia, and Metabolic Bone Disease<br>53. Vascular Malformations of the Spine<br>54. Neuromuscular Disorders in the Pediatric Spine<br>55. Neurodegenerative Disorders in the Adult Spine<br>56. Postoperative Spinal Disorders - Cervical<br>57. Postoperative Spinal Deformity<br>58. Adjacent Segment Degeneration and Disease of the Cervical Spine<br>59. Adjacent Segment Degeneration and Disease of the Lumbar Spine<br>60. Proximal and Distal Junctional Kyphosis and Failure<br><br>Part 3: Evaluation of Patients with Spinal Disorders<br>61. Physical and Neurologic Examination<br>62. Sagittal Spinal Alignment: An Evolutionary Perspective<br>63. Spinal Alignment: Significance and Preoperative Planning<br>64. Overview of Imaging Procedures Available for Spinal Diagnosis<br>65. Electrodiagnostic Studies<br>66. Differential Diagnosis of Surgical Disorders of the Spine<br>67. Patient Selection for Spine Surgery: Preoperative Optimization<br>68. Evaluation of the Aging Patient<br>69. Preoperative Evaluation of Psychosocial Aspects and Work-related Issues<br>70. Preoperative Evaluation of Patients with Tumors Affecting the Spine<br>71. Measuring Preoperative Health-Related Quality of Life: What Metrics Matter<br><br>Part 4: Management of Spinal Disorders<br>72. Rehabilitation, Interventions, and Medications in Management of Spinal Disorders<br>73. Spine Injections<br>74. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Back Pain<br>75. Regenerative Strategies and the Intervertebral Disc Degeneration<br>76. Neuromodulation and Rehabilitative Interventions for the Spine<br>77. Pain Management: Opioids and Alternatives<br>78. Fundamentals of Spine Surgery<br>79. Perioperative Management Protocols: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)<br>80. Surgical Incisions, Positioning, and Retraction<br>81. Intraoperative Imaging Protocols<br>82. Anesthesia for Spine Surgery and the Prevention of Complications<br>83. Intraoperative Monitoring in Routine and Complex Surgery<br>84. Blood Management and Complex Spine Surgery<br>85. Intraoperative Crisis Management in Spine Surgery: What to Do When Things Go Bad<br>86. Biologics in Spine Fusion Surgery<br>87. Osteointegration: The Bone and Implant Interface<br>88. Common Complications in Spine Surgery: Pseudarthrosis<br>89. Postoperative Medical Complications<br>90. Preventing Postoperative Infections: An Evidence-Based Approach<br>91. Neurologic Complications of Common Spine Operations<br>92. Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: Repair and Outcomes<br>93. Arachnoiditis<br>94. Arachnoiditis and Syringomyelia<br>95. Posttraumatic and Idiopathic Syringomyelia<br>96. Vascular and Soft Tissue Complications<br>97. Postoperative Spinal Deformities<br>98. Implant Wear, Degradation, and Breakage<br>99. Spine Readmissions and Reoperations<br>100. Cervical Spine Construct Design<br>101. Occipitocervical Spine Approaches for Decompression<br>102. Occipitocervical Spine Posterior Approaches for Fusion<br>103. Endoscopic and Transnasal Approaches to the Craniocervical Junction<br>104. Cervical Spine and Cervicothoracic Junction - Posterior<br>105. Posterior Cervical Decompressions: Cervical Laminectomy and Laminoforaminotomy<br>106. Cervical Laminoplasty<br>107. Dorsal Subaxial Cervical Instrumentation Techniques<br>108. Posterior Percutaneous and Minimally Invasive Approaches to Decompression and Arthrodesis of the Cervical Spine<br>109. Cervical Spine and Cervicothoracic Junction - Anterior Approach<br>110. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Corpectomy<br>111. Management of Soft Cervical Disc Herniation: Controversies and Complication Avoidance<br>112. Anterior Sub-Axial Cervical Fixation and Fusion Techniques<br>113. Cervical Total Disc Arthroplasty<br>114. Combined Ventral-Dorsal Surgery <br>115. Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Construct Design<br>116. Posterior Approaches to the Thoracic Spine<br>117. Anterior Approaches and Lateral Approaches to the Thoracic Spine<br>118. MIS Lateral Thoracic Decompression<br>119. Thoracoscopic Corpectomy and Reconstruction<br>120. Posterolateral Thoracolumbar Fusion<br>121. Posterior Thoracic and Lumbar Universal Spinal Instrumentation<br>122. Midline Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Cortical Bone Trajectory Pedicle Screw Placement<br>123. Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion<br>124. Dorsal Semi-Rigid Stabilization<br>125. Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty<br>126. Minimally Invasive Spinal Decompression and Stabilization Techniques I: Philosophy and Rationale<br>127. Posterior Approaches to the Lumbar Spine: Minimally Invasive Decompression<br>128. Endoscopic Approaches to the Cervical Spine<br>129. Endoscopic Surgical Approaches to the Lumbar Spine<br>130. Posterior Approaches to the Lumbar Spine: Minimally Invasive Fusion<br>131. Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion<br>132. Anterior and Anterolateral Lumbar Spine Decompression and Fusion: MIS Approaches<br>133. Complex Lumbosacropelvic Fixation Techniques<br>134. Spinal Augmentation for Vertebral Compression Fractures<br><br>Part 5: Operative Management of Specific Disorders of the Spine<br>135. Indications for Spine Fusion for Axial Pain<br>136. Cervical Disc Herniation<br>137. Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation<br>138. Thoracic Discectomy<br>139. Degenerative Spondylolisthesis<br>140. Sacroiliac Joint Pain<br>141. Surgical Principles for Spinal Deformity<br>142. An Approach for Treatment of Complex Adult Spinal Deformity<br>143. An Approach for Treatment of Complex Pediatric Spinal Deformity<br>144. Cervicothoracic Deformity: The Role of Anterior Surgery<br>145. Cervical and Cervicothoracic Deformity Correction: Posterior-based Osteotomies<br>146. The Role of Anterior Surgery for Thoracolumbar Deformity<br>147. Anterior Column Release in Deformity<br>148. Posterior-based Management of Spinal Deformity<br>149. Minimally Invasive Approaches to Spinal Deformity<br>150. Surgical Management of High-Grade Dysplastic Spondylolisthesis<br>151. Deformity Surgery for Ankylosing Spondylitis<br>152. Failed Back Surgery Syndrome<br>153. Oncologic Approaches, and Outcomes for Primary Spine Tumors<br>154. Staging, Classification, and Oncologic Approaches for Metastatic Tumors Involving the Spine<br>155. Tumors at the Foramen Magnum and Craniocervical Junction<br>156. Cervicothoracic Junction Tumors<br>157. Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spinal Tumors: Regional Challenges<br>158. Sacral Tumors: Regional Challenges<br>159. Radiosurgery for Spinal Tumors<br>160. The Acute Management of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury and Polytrauma<br>161. Timing of Surgery Following Spinal Cord Injury<br>162. Medical Management of Adult and Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury<br>163. Spinal Traction<br>164. Medical Management of Fractures without Spinal Cord Injury<br>165. Anterior Surgery for Cervical Trauma<br>166. Posterior Surgery for Cervical Trauma<br>167. Surgical Approaches to Thoracolumbar Trauma<br>168. Surgical Approaches for Sacral Fractures and Sacropelvic Injuries<br>169. Rehabilitation and Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury Section 5.5: General Surgical Technique<br>170. Harvest of Autograft for Spinal Fusion<br>171. Vascularized Bone Grafts in Spine Surgery<br>172. Spinal Wound Closure<br><br>Part 6: Evidence Development and Guidance of Informed Choice for Optimal Outcomes<br>173. Big Data in Health Care<br>174. Spine Registries<br>175. Conflicts of Interest in Spine Surgery<br>176. Art of the Clinical Trial<br>177. Meaningful Retrospective Analysis<br>178. Art and Science of Guideline Formation<br>179. Appropriate Use Criteria in Spine Surgery<br>180. Precision Medicine: Artificial Intelligence Applied to Evaluation and Management of Spinal Disorders<br>181. Healthcare Reform and Spine Surgery<br>182. Development of New Technologies in Spine Surgery</p>