Brain Development in Drosophila melanogaster
Samenvatting
The central nervous system (CNS) represents the organ with the highest struc tural and functional complexity. Accordingly, uncovering the mechanisms leading to cell diversity, patterning and connectivity in the CNS is one ofthe major chal lenges in developmental biology. The developing CNS of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model system to study these processes. Several principle questions regarding neurogenesis (like stem cell formation, cell fate specification, axonal pathfinding) have been addressedinDrosophilaby focusing on the relatively simply structuredtruncal partsofthe nervous system. However, informationprocess ing (e. g. , vision, olfaction), behavior, learning and memory require highly special ized structures, which are located in the brain. Owing to much higher complexity and hidden segmental organisation, our understandingofbrain development is still quite rudimentary. Considerable advances have been made recently in bringing the resolution ofbrain structures to the level ofindividual cells and their lineages, which significantly facilitates investigations into the mechanisms controlling brain development. This book provides an overview of some major facets of recent research on Drosophila brain development. The individual chapters were written by experts in each field. V. Hartenstein et al survey the generic cell types that make up the developing brain and describe themorphogenesisofneural lineages and theirrelation ship to neuropil compartments in the larval brain. Recent findings on anteroposterior regionalization and on dorsoventral patterning in the embryonic brain are reviewed in the chapters by R. Lichtneckert and H. Reichert and by R. Urbach and G. Technau, respectively. Both processes show striking parallels betweenDrosophila and mouse.
Specificaties
Inhoudsopgave
<P>1. The Development of the Drosophila Larval Brain</P>
<P>Volker Hartenstein, Shana Spindler, Wayne Pereanu and Siaumin Fung</P>
<P>Abstract</P>
<P>Synopsis of the Phases and Elements of Drosophila Brain Development</P>
<P>Progenitors of the Drosophila Brain: Neuroblasts and Ganglion Mother Cells</P>
<P>The Generic Cell Types of the Drosophila Brain</P>
<P>Neuroanatomy of the Developing Drosophila Brain: The Systems of Lineages,</P>
<P>Tracts and Compartments</P>
<P>Outlook</P>
<P>2. Anteroposterior Regionalization of the Brain: Genetic and Comparative Aspects</P>
<P>Robert Lichtneckert and Heinrich Reichert</P>
<P>Abstract</P>
<P>Introduction</P>
<P>The Cephalic Gap Genes Otd/Otx and Ems/Emx Control Anterior</P>
<P>Brain Development</P>
<P>The Hox Genes Pattern the Posterior Brain</P>
<P>Evidence for a Tripartite Organization of the Brain</P>
<P>3. Dorsoventral Paterning of the Brain: A Comparative Approach</P>
<P>Rolf Urbach and Gerhard M. Technau</P>
<P>Abstract</P>
<P>Introduction</P>
<P>DV Patterning of the Truncal Part of the CNS in Drosophila and vertebrates</P>
<P>DV patterning of the brain in Drosophila</P>
<P>A comparison with DV regionalization of the vertebrate telencephalon</P>
<P>Conclusions</P>
<P>4. Disection of the Embryonic Brain Using Photoactivated Gene Expresion</P>
<P>Jonathan Minden</P>
<P>Abstract</P>
<P>Introduction</P>
<P>Procephalic Blastoderm Fate Map</P>
<P>Brain-Forming Mitotic Domains Populate Distinct Brain Regions</P>
<P>Conclusion</P>
<P>5. Design of the Larval Chemosensory System</P>
<P>Reinhard F. Stocker</P>
<P>Abstract</P>
<P>Introduction</P>
<P>Chemosensory Organs of the Larval Head</P>
<P>Olfactory System</P>
<P>Gustatory System</P>
<P>The Drosophila Larva as a Model for Smell and Taste</P>
<P>6. Development of the Drosophila Olfactory System</P>
<P>Veronica Rodrigues and Thomas Hummel</P>
<P>Abstract</P>
<P>Introduction</P>
<P>Organization of the Drosophila Adult Olfactory System</P>
<P>Specification of the Olfactory Sense Organs</P>
<P>Olfactory Lineages Revisited</P>
<P>Origin of Glial Cells</P>
<P>Development of ORN Connectivity</P>
<P>Olfactory Map Organization</P>
<P>Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of ORN Wiring Specificity</P>
<P>Specification of Projection Neurons</P>
<P>Development of PN Dendrites</P>
<P>Concluding Remarks</P>
<P>7. The Olfactory Sensory Map in Drosophila</P>
<P>Philippe P. Laissue and Leslie B. Vosshall</P>
<P>Abstract</P>
<P>Introduction</P>
<P>Olfactory Organs and Olfactory Sensory Neurons of Drosophila</P>
<P>Odorant Receptor Gene Expression</P>
<P>Ligand Tuning Profiles</P>
<P>A Receptor-Based Map of Glomerular Projections</P>
<P>Sexual Dimorphism in the Drosophila Olfactory System</P>
<P>Concluding Remarks</P>
<P>8. Optic Lobe Development</P>
<P>Karl-Friedrich Fischbach and Peter Robin Hiesinger</P>
<P>Abstract</P>
<P>Introduction</P>
<P>The Adult Visual System Is Organized into Parallel Visuotoptic</P>
<P>Functional Pathways</P>
<P>Lamina Development</P>
<P>Medulla and Lobula Complex Development</P>
<P>Concluding Remarks</P>
<P>9. Clonal Unit Architecture of the Adult Fly Brain</P>
<P>Kei Ito and Takeshi Awasaki</P>
<P>Abstract</P>
<P>Introduction</P>
<P>Structure of the Adult Brain</P>
<P>Techniques for Visualising Clonally Related Progeny</P>
<P>Clonal Unit Architecture in the Adult Brain</P>
<P>Formation of the Clonal Units During Development</P>
<P>Functional Importance of the Clonal Units</P>
<P>Conclusion</P>
<P>INDEX</P>