Protocols in Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry

Solutions, Acids and Bases<br>1. Preparation of Solutions<br>2. Acid and Base<br><br>Carbohydrates<br>3. Determination of the presence of carbohydrates in the given sample by Molisch&rsquo;s test<br>4. Determination of the presence of reducing carbohydrates in the given sample by Picric acid test<br>5. Determination of the presence of reducing carbohydrates in the given sample by Fehling&rsquo;s test<br>6. Determination of the presence of reducing carbohydrates in the given sample by Benedict&rsquo;s test<br>7. Determination of the presence of reducing carbohydrates in the given sample by Tommer&rsquo;s test<br>8. Determination of the presence of reducing carbohydrates in the given sample by Nylander&rsquo;s test<br>9. Distinguish between monosaccharides and reducing disaccharides by Barfoed&rsquo;s test.<br>10. Distinguish between aldose and ketose by Seliwanoff&rsquo;s test.<br>11. Determination of pentose sugar by Bial&rsquo;s test<br>12. Determination of the presence of galactose in a test sample by the Mucic acid test<br>13. Differentiation between the presence of ketohexose or aldohexose in the test sample by Foulger'stest<br>14. Determination of the presence of reducing carbohydrates in the given sample by Fearon&rsquo;s methylamine test<br>15. Confirmation of the presence of reducing carbohydrates in the given sample by osazone formation test<br>16. Determination of the presence of polysaccharides in the given sample by an iodine test<br>17. Quantitative estimation of carbohydrates in the given sample by anthrone test.<br>18. Quantitative estimation of reducing carbohydrates in the given sample by 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid (DNSA) test.<br>19. Extraction and estimation of glycogen from the liver and muscle of the well-fed and starved rat.<br>20. Separation and Identification of sugars present in fruit juices using thin-layer chromatography (TLC).<br>21. Extraction and analysis of soluble carbohydrates from plants.<br><br>Lipids<br>22. Solubility test for lipids<br>23. Emulsion test for lipids.<br>24. To determine the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids<br>25. Determination of the saponification value of the given fat/ oil sample<br>26. To determine the fatty acid value of fat<br>27. Acrolein test for the presence of glycerol<br>28. Libermann – Buchard test for detection of cholesterol.<br>29. Extraction of lipid from leaves (Bligh and Dyer&rsquo;s method and single extraction method).<br>30. Extraction of lipid from egg yolk and estimation of phosphorous content in it<br>31. Extraction of lipid from tissues (Folch method).<br>32. Identification of lipids by TLC.<br>33. Lipid per oxidation measurement by Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay.<br><br>Proteins<br>34. Isolation of protein from animal cells/tissue using RIPA buffer<br>35. Qualitative test for Proteins and amino acids<br>36. Estimation of proteins by Biuret method<br>37. Estimation of proteins by Bradford method<br>38. Estimation of proteins by Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method<br>39. Estimation of proteins by Folin-Lowry method<br>40. Estimation of proteins by UV spectrophotometric method<br>41. Protein separation by gel electrophoresis under denaturing condition (SDS-PAGE)<br>42. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography.<br><br>Minerals<br>43. Estimation of the Calcium in water or milk by EDTA titrimetric method<br>44. Estimation of the Calcium in serum by O-Cresolpthaleincomplexon method (colorimetric)<br>45. Estimation of the inorganic phosphorus by colorimetric method<br>46. Estimation of the Iron by thiocyanate colorimetric method<br>47. Estimation of the Chloride by Titration method (Mohr Argentometric method)<br><br>Vitamin<br>48. Estimation of Vitamin A by Trichloroacetic acid (modified Carr-Price method)<br>49. Estimation of the Tocopherol (Vitamin E) by colorimeter (Baker and Frank method)<br>50. Estimation of the Thiamine (Vitamin B1) by Thiochrome technique<br>51. Estimation of the Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) by 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) method (Titrimetric)<br>52. Estimation of the Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) by 2, 4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine method (Colorimetric)<br><br>Enzymes<br>53. To study the effect of pH and temperature on the action of salivary amylase.<br>54. Determination of the activity of amylase enzyme (crude) extracted from sweet potato.<br>55. Determination of the specific activity of the amylase enzyme.<br>56. To determine Vmax and Km in of the amylase enzyme.<br><br>Nucleic acid<br>57. Determination of the amount of DNA present in the solution by diphenylamine (DPA) method<br>58. Determination of the amount of RNA present in the solution by orcinol method.<br>59. Isolation of plasmid DNA using the alkaline lysis method.<br>60. Preparation of plasmid DNA using boiling lysis method.<br>61. Plasmid DNA purification using polyethylene glycol.<br>62. Isolation of genomic DNA of the unknown bacterial strain.<br>63. Isolation of DNA from plant tissue.<br>64. Isolation of DNA from a eukaryotic cell using proteinase K and phenol.<br>65. Isolation of DNA from a eukaryotic cell.<br>66. Separation of bands of DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis.<br>67. SOUTHERN TRANSFER AND HYBRIDIZATION: To perform Southern blotting of the genomic DNA.<br>68. Isolation of RNA from animal cells.<br>69. NORTHERN BLOTTING.<br><br>Clinical Biochemistry<br>70. Determination of Serum Urea [Diacetyl Monoxime (DAM) Method],<br>71. Estimation of Uric Acid in Serum Sample (Uricase Method),<br>72. Estimation of Creatinine in Serum Samples (Jaffe&rsquo;s Method),<br>73. Determination of Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) Activity,<br>74. Determination of Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT) Activity,<br>75. Colorimetric Estimation of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) From Serum (King and Armstrong),<br>76. Estimation of Serum Albumin by the Dye-Binding Method (Bromocresol Green Method),<br>77. Estimation of Blood Glucose by the Glucose Oxidase Method,<br>78. Estimation of Glucose in Urine by Benedict Method,<br>79. Estimation of Percentage of Glucose (Reducing Sugars) in Urine (by Benedict Titration Method),<br>80. Oral Glucose Tolerant Test (OGTT),<br>81. Estimation of Total Cholesterol in Serum (Watson Method),<br>82. Estimation of Total Cholesterol in Serum (Enzymatic Method),<br>83. Estimation of Triglycerides in Serum (Enzymatic Method),<br>84. Estimation of Hemoglobin in the Blood (Sahli&rsquo;s Method).<br>85. Determination of serum amylase.<br>86. Catalase activity assay.<br>87. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay.<br><br>Plant Biochemistry<br>88. Qualitative analysis of plant secondary metabolites.<br>89. Qualitative analysis of photochemical.<br>90. Quantitative estimation of secondary metabolites.<br>91. Estimation of Chlorophyll contents.<br>92. Determination of starch