List of contributors <br>About the editors<br>Foreword<br>Preface<br><br>CHAPTER 1 Nanobiosensors for point-of-care diagnostic applications<br>Namrata Sangwan, Radhika Dhawan, Arushi Chauhan, Jitender Singh and Pramod K. Avti<br><br>1.1 Introduction<br>1.2 Diagnostic biological markers <br>1.2.1 Protein biological markers<br>1.2.2 Metabolites biological markers<br>1.2.3 Nucleic acid biological markers<br>1.2.4 Pathogenic biological markers<br>1.3 Diagnostic role of nanobiosensors in biomedical field<br>1.3.1 Noncommunicable diseases<br>1.3.2 Communicable diseases<br>1.4 Summary and future perspective<br>References<br><br>CHAPTER 2 Gold-conjugated polymeric nanoparticles as biosensors<br>Sarin Palakkal<br><br>2.1 Introduction<br>2.1.1 Gold nanoparticle-based piezoelectric biosensors<br>2.2 Biosensor’s state of the art<br>2.2.1 Gold nanoparticles sensing by fluorescence quenching<br>2.2.2 Gold nanoparticles surface plasmon resonance-based sensors<br>2.2.3 Detection of metal ions<br>2.3 Detection of small organic molecules and protein<br>2.4 Conclusions<br>References<br><br>CHAPTER 3 Biosensors for detection of Alzheimer’s disease: a review<br>Manju Tewari<br>3.1 Introduction<br>3.1.1 Neurodegenerative diseases<br>3.1.2 Alzheimer’s disease and its diagnosis<br>3.2 Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease<br>3.2.1 Amyloid beta proteins<br>3.2.2 Tau protein<br>3.2.3 Apolipoprotein E4<br>3.3 Biosensors<br>3.3.1 Bioreceptors<br>3.3.2 Transducers<br>3.3.3 Signal amplification<br>3.4 Conclusion<br>Acknowledgments<br>Conflict of interest<br>References<br><br>CHAPTER 4 Nanodrug delivery—a noble approach in neurodegenerative disorder and glioblastoma<br>Kumudesh Mishra and Or Kakhlon<br><br>4.1 Introduction<br>4.2 Neurological diseases and treatment strategies<br>4.2.1 Neurodegenerative disease<br>4.3 The bloodbrain barrier and nanotechnology<br>4.4 Bloodbrain barrier crossing mechanism by nanomaterial<br>4.5 Nanocarriers in drug delivery<br>4.5.1 Inorganic nanocarriers for drug delivery<br>4.5.2 Organic nanocarriers<br>4.6 Recent advancements in nano-based treatment of brain disorders<br>4.6.1 Scaffold<br>4.6.2 Three- and four-dimensional printing<br>4.6.3 Induced pluripotent stem cells<br>4.6.4 Nanocarrier-based gene therapy<br>4.7 Clinical trials and current status of nanomedicines in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases<br>4.8 Challenges and approaches to overcome barriers in the nano-based treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and glioblastoma multiforme<br>4.9 Conclusion and future perspective<br>References<br><br>CHAPTER 5 Advancements in nanosensors for an early detection of cancer<br>Ashmit Verma, Payal Kumar, Muzammil Kuddushi, Gayatri Joshi, Saumyakanti Khatua, Mukesh Dhanka and Deepak S. Chauhan<br><br>5.1 Introduction<br>5.2 Classification of nanosensors<br>5.2.1 Based on the materials used<br>5.2.2 Based on the mode of transduction<br>5.3 Role of nanosensors in an early detection of cancer<br>5.3.1 Detection of biomarkers<br>5.3.2 Detection of circulating tumor cells and exosomes<br>5.3.3 Probing of living cancer cells<br>5.3.4 Bioimaging of tumors<br>5.3.5 Artificial intelligence with nanosensors for bioimaging<br>5.3.6 Micro- and nanorobotics for an early detection of cancer<br>5.3.7 Conclusion<br>Acknowledgments<br>References<br><br>CHAPTER 6 Biomedical applications of nanobiosensors in cancer—recent advances and future prospects<br>Rajalakshmi Manikkam, Periyasamy Vijayalakshmi, Sabapathy Indu and Balakrishnan Solaimuthu<br><br>6.1 Introduction<br>6.1.1 Cancer onset and types<br>6.2 Cancer diagnostic tools<br>6.3 Nanotechnology<br>6.3.1 Classification of nanoparticles<br>6.3.2 Nanoparticles in biomedical applications<br>6.4 Nanomaterials as biosensors—a novel approach to cancer diagnostics<br>6.5 Cancer biomarkers<br>6.5.1 Detection method<br>6.6 Nanobiosensors<br>6.7 Clinical trial of biosensors<br>6.8 Advantages of nanobiosensors<br>6.9 Conclusion<br>References<br><br>CHAPTER 7 Nanomaterial-based nanosensors for food safety applications<br>Arushi Chauhan, Namrata Sangwan, Radhika Dhawan, Jitender Singh and Pramod K. Avti<br><br>7.1 Introduction<br>7.2 Food safety and nanosensors<br>7.3 Types of nanosensors<br>7.3.1 Optical sensors<br>7.3.2 Piezoelectric sensors<br>7.4 Application in healthcare trends<br>7.4.1 Food processing<br>7.4.2 Nutraceuticals delivery and food packaging<br>7.4.3 Food safety<br>7.5 Conclusion<br>References<br><br>CHAPTER 8 Nanosensors in medical microbiology<br>Muhammad Hashim Khan, Sohail Ahmad, Irum Batool Hashmi and Muhammad Badar<br><br>8.1 Introduction<br>8.1.1 Foodborne and clinical pathogens<br>8.2 Sensing of pathogens from food and clinical samples by using nanosensors<br>8.3 Types of nanobiosensors<br>8.3.1 Optical nanobiosensors<br>8.3.2 Colorimetric nanobiosensors<br>8.3.3 Electrochemical nanobiosensors<br>8.3.4 Thermometric nanobiosensors<br>8.3.5 Piezoelectric nanobiosensors<br>8.3.6 Microfluidic nanobiosensors<br>References<br><br>CHAPTER 9 Nanosensors technology for diagnosis of viral infections<br>Anupam Singh and Ashish Kumar Rai<br><br>9.1 Introduction<br>9.2 Nanosensors: a brief overview<br>9.2.1 Definition and functionality<br>9.2.2 Types of nanosensors<br>9.2.3 Nanosensors for viral detection<br>9.2.4 Nanosensors for specific viral infections<br>9.2.5 Challenges and limitations<br>9.2.6 Future perspectives<br>9.3 Conclusion<br>References<br><br>CHAPTER 10 Nanosensor-based therapeutic interventions to diagnose and cure bacterial infections<br>Shreya Mahato, Aparna Anand and Abhinay Sharma<br><br>10.1 Introduction<br>10.2 Conventional diagnostic and therapeutic methods of bacterial infections<br>10.3 Application of nanotechnology for bacterial infection management<br>10.4 Nanodiagnostics for bacterial infection<br>10.4.1 Magnetic nanoparticles<br>10.4.2 Metal nanoparticles<br>10.4.3 Nanowire-based biosensors<br>10.4.4 Quantum dots<br>10.4.5 Surface-enhanced photoluminescence<br>10.4.6 Surface-enhanced Raman scattering<br>10.4.7 Field-effect transistors<br>10.4.8 Fluorescent nanosensors<br>10.4.9 DNA microarray<br>10.5 Nanotherapeutics<br>10.5.1 Inorganic nanoparticles<br>10.5.2 Organic nanoparticles<br>10.5.3 Quantum dots<br>10.5.4 Nanowires<br>10.5.5 Nanocarriers<br>10.5.6 Others<br>10.6 Conclusion<br>References<br><br>CHAPTER 11 Use of nanotechnology in diagnosis and cure of mycotic infections<br>Shreya Mahato, Nupur Saxena, Aparna Anand and Abhinay Sharma<br><br>11.1 Introduction<br>11.2 Nanotechnology for diagnosis and cure of mycotic infections<br>11.3 Nanodiagnostic techniques<br>11.3.1 Gold nanoparticles<br>11.3.2 Magnetic nanoparticles<br>11.3.3 Quantum dots<br>11.3.4 Nanorods and nanotubes<br>11.3.5 Nanowires<br>11.3.6 Nanoprobes or nanosensors<br>11.3.7 Nanobarcodes<br>11.3.8 Surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanotags<br>11.3.9 Surface plasmon resonancebased detection<br>11.3.10 DNA microarray<br>11.3.11 Other techniques<br>11.4 Therapeutics of mycotic infections<br>11.4.1 Conventional therapeutic methods for fungal infections<br>11.4.2 Intervention of nanotechnology mycotic therapeutics<br>11.5 Conclusion<br>References<br><br>CHAPTER 12 Potential applications of nanotechnology in management of parasitic diseases<br>Aparna Anand and Abhinay Sharma<br><br>12.1 Introduction<br>12.2 Traditional diagnosis and treatment methods of parasitic diseases<br>12.3 Nanotechnology aided diagnosis and treatment of parasitic diseases<br>12.3.1 Liposomes<br>12.3.2 Solid lipid nanoparticles<br>12.3.3 Quantum dots<br>12.3.4 Polymeric nanoparticles<br>12.3.5 Metal nanoparticles<br>12.3.6 Nanosensors<br>12.3.7 Carbon nanotubes<br>12.3.8 Dendrimers<br>12.3.9 Nanoemulsions<br>12.3.10 Nanotechnology-based vaccines<br>12.4 Conclusion<br>References<br><br>CHAPTER 13 Green-synthesized nanoparticles for biomedical sensor technology<br>Ayse Baran, Mehmet Firat Baran, Polat Ipek, Aziz Eftekhari, Cumali Keskin, Mehmet Nuri Atalar and Mehmet Hakki Alma<br><br>13.1 Introduction<br>13.2 Obtaining of nanoparticles<br>13.2.1 Nanoparticle synthesis with plants or green synthesis<br>13.3 Biosensors<br>13.3.1 Classification of sensors<br>13.3.2 Introduction to nanobiosensors (nanomaterial-based biosensors)<br>13.3.3 Applications of nanobiosensors<br>13.4 Conclusion<br>References<br><br>Index