Nutrition

Contributors.
<p>Preface.</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>1 National and European Initiatives to Improve Standards of Nutritional Care (Carolyn Best).</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>National and European initiatives 1990 2007.</p>
<p>2 Malnutrition (Harriet Gordon and Helen Hitchings).</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>What is malnutrition?</p>
<p>Signs and consequences of malnutrition.</p>
<p>Specific vitamin and mineral deficiencies.</p>
<p>Management of malnutrition.</p>
<p>Nutrition support.</p>
<p>Recognising and managing malnutrition in obese patients.</p>
<p>3 Nutrition Screening and Assessment (Helen Hitchings).</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Nutrition screening.</p>
<p>Nutrition assessment.<br /> </p>
<p>Screening tools.</p>
<p>Documentation.</p>
<p>When to refer to a dietitian.</p>
<p>4 The Nursing Role in Maintaining Patients Oral Nutritional Intake (Carolyn Best).</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Identifying the problems.</p>
<p>Registered nurse responsibilities in patient nutrition.</p>
<p>The responsibilities of the healthcare assistant.</p>
<p>Roles and responsibilities of other individuals involved in patient nutrition.</p>
<p>The patient in hospital.</p>
<p>Recommendations to improve patient intake.</p>
<p>Safety considerations when assisting a patient to eat.</p>
<p>Helping the dysphagic patient to eat.</p>
<p>Effects of dementia on oral nutritional intake.</p>
<p>Red trays.</p>
<p>Protected mealtimes.</p>
<p>Recording food intake.</p>
<p>Use of specialised equipment.</p>
<p>Educating healthcare workers to assist patients with their meals.</p>
<p>5 Enteral Nutrition (Carolyn Best, Helen Hitchings, Joanna Boult and Harriet Gordon).</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Oral nutrition support.</p>
<p>Options for enteral tube feeding: short–term feeding.</p>
<p>Options for enteral tube feeding: long–term feeding.</p>
<p>Enteral tube feeds.</p>
<p>Drug administration through an enteral feeding tube.</p>
<p>Flushing enteral feeding tubes.</p>
<p>6 Parenteral Nutrition (Carolyn Best, Helen Hitchings, Joanna Boult and&nbsp; Harriet Gordon).<br /> </p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Indications of parenteral nutrition.</p>
<p>Clinical assessment of the patient requiring parenteral nutrition.</p>
<p>Routes for intravenous access</p>
<p>Types of central venous catheter.</p>
<p>Non–central access options.</p>
<p>Multi–lumen vs single–lumen catheters.</p>
<p>Confirming central venous catheter tip position.</p>
<p>Using a previously used central venous catheter.</p>
<p>Aftercare of line and insertion site.</p>
<p>Dressing changes.</p>
<p>Observations.</p>
<p>Flushing following insertion.</p>
<p>Estimating nutritional requirements.</p>
<p>Biochemical and haematological assessment.</p>
<p>Preparations available.</p>
<p>Nutritional content of parenteral nutrition.</p>
<p>Allergies to components of parenteral nutrition.</p>
<p>Drug therapy that may affect nutrition support.</p>
<p>Care of parenteral nutrition before administration.</p>
<p>Mode of delivery: continuous or cyclical administration.</p>
<p>Administration of medication through a central venous catheter.</p>
<p>Should an in–line filter be used?</p>
<p>Maintaining catheter patency.</p>
<p>Patient monitoring.</p>
<p>Complications associated with the administration of parenteral nutrition.</p>
<p>Discontinuing parenteral nutrition.</p>
<p>Removal of a central venous catheter.</p>
<p>The role of non–medical prescribing in parenteral nutrition.</p>
<p>7 Re–feeding Syndrome (Helen Hitchings and Harriet Gordon).</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>The process of starvation.</p>
<p>Incidence of re–feeding syndrome.</p>
<p>Impact on the patient.</p>
<p>Summary of electrolyte disturbances.</p>
<p>Reducing the risk of re–feeding syndrome.</p>
<p>Ward checklist for re–feeding syndrome.</p>
<p>8 Ethics and Commitment to Feed (Carolyn Best).</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Benefits vs burden.</p>
<p>Informed consent.</p>
<p>Decision–making in the competent patient.</p>
<p>Decision–making in the non–competent patient.</p>
<p>Best interests.</p>
<p>Advanced directives.</p>
<p>Power of attorney.</p>
<p>Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in advanced dementia.</p>
<p>Persistent vegetative state.</p>
<p>Withdrawing nutrition support.</p>
<p>9 The Role of a Hospital Nutrition Support Team (Carolyn Best, Helen Hitchings, Joanna Boult and Harriet Gordon).</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Roles within the team.</p>
<p>Individual roles within the core team.</p>
<p>Getting started: developing the Nutrition Support Team.</p>
<p>Agreeing the referral process.</p>
<p>Developing skills within the Nutrition Support Team.</p>
<p>Maintaining momentum.</p>
<p>Agreeing standards for practice.</p>
<p>Proving the worth of the Nutrition Support Team.</p>
<p>The role of the Nutrition Steering Committee.</p>
<p>10 Transfer of Care from Hospital to Community(Carolyn Best and Helen Hitchings).<br /> </p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Planning discharge.</p>
<p>Education.</p>
<p>Training required.</p>
<p>Equipment required for discharge.</p>
<p>The review process.</p>
<p>Potential problems.</p>
<p>Further reading.</p>
<p>Support group details.</p>
<p>11 Case Studies (Harriet Gordon, Carolyn Best, Helen Hitchings and Joanna Boult).</p>
<p>Introduction.</p>
<p>Enteral nutrition.</p>
<p>Combined enteral/parenteral nutrition.</p>
<p>Parenteral nutrition.</p>
<p>References.</p>
<p>Glossary and Abbreviations.</p>
<p>Index.</p>